Common use of PREAMBLE Clause in Contracts

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of NamibiaMozambique, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union Swaziland (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as the “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties); BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment principles advocated in the Declaration by the Heads of State or Government of Southern African States “Towards the Southern African Development Community” and the Treaty of the Southern African Development Community signed on 17 August 1992 and the Revised Protocol on Shared Watercourses in the Southern African Development Community signed on 7 August 2000; HAVING RESOLVED to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede pursue the process guidelines established by the Agreement between the Government of regional integration among the EFTA States Republic of South Africa and the Government of the Republic of Portugal in regard to Rivers of Mutual Interest and the Cunene River Scheme signed on 13 October 1964, to which the Republic of Mozambique succeeded in 1975 and the Kingdom of Swaziland acceded to in 1967; MINDFUL of the spirit of co-operation and good understanding reached by the implementation of the Piggs Peak Agreement of 15 February 1991; TAKING INTO ACCOUNT the modern principles and norms of International Law as reflected in the Convention on the one hand Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 21 May 1997; CONSCIOUS of the mutual advantages of concluding agreements on co-operation on shared watercourses; DETERMINED to co-operate and seek mutually satisfactory solutions for the SACU States needs of the Parties towards water protection and to the sustainable utilization and development of the water resources with a view to improving the standard of living of their populations; EXPRESSING the common desire to proceed with sustainable development on the otherbasis of Chapter 18 of Agenda 21, adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development on 14 June 1992; DESIRING RECOGNISING that the Parties need to create new employment opportunities and agree on water use in the shared watercourses to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting enable sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment MINDFUL of the fact that good relationships between the people and the governments of the Parties, good neighbourliness and mutual respect, will contribute to the principles improvement of co-operation on the protection and objectives set out in utilization of waters for the United Nations Charter benefit and the Universal Declaration welfare of Human Rightstheir populations; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between TAKING into consideration the Parties; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit interim nature of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):; HEREBY AGREE as follows:

PREAMBLE. The Governments of Brunei Darussalam, the Republic of IcelandChile, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway New Zealand and the Swiss ConfederationRepublic of Singapore, Members of the European Free Trade Association (hereinafter referred to collectively as the “Parties” or individually as a “Party”, unless the EFTA States”context otherwise requires), resolve to: STRENGTHEN the special links of friendship and cooperation among them; ENLARGE the Republic framework of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by among the Parties through liberalising trade and investment and encouraging further and deeper cooperation to create a strategic partnership within the Asia - Pacific region; CONTRIBUTE to the principles harmonious development and rules which govern international expansion of world trade and to provide a catalyst for broader cooperation at international forums; CREATE an expanded and secure market for the need to apply them goods and services in their territories; AVOID distortions in their reciprocal trade; ESTABLISH clear rules governing their trade; ENSURE a transparent predictable commercial framework for business planning and non- discriminatory mannerinvestment; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ BUILD on their respective rights and obligations in terms of their membership of under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) Organization and other multilateral and bilateral agreements and arrangements; AFFIRM their contribution commitment to the further strengthening Asia – Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) goals and principles; REAFFIRM their commitment to the APEC Principles to Enhance Competition and Regulatory Reform with a view to protecting and promoting the competitive process and the design of the multilateral trading systemregulation that minimises distortions to competition; RECOGNISING the special needs BE MINDFUL that economic development, social development and interests environmental protection are interdependent and mutually reinforcing components of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries sustainable development and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity closer economic partnership can play an important role in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING ENHANCE the competitiveness of their firms in global markets; XXXXXX creativity and innovation, and promote the protection intellectual property rights to encourage trade in goods and services among the Parties; STRENGTHEN their strategic economic partnership to bring economic and social benefits, to create new opportunities for employment and to improve the living standards of their peoples; UPHOLD the rights of their governments to regulate in order to meet national policy objectives; PRESERVE their flexibility to safeguard the public welfare; ENHANCE their cooperation on labour and environmental matters of mutual interest; PROMOTE common frameworks within the Asia – Pacific region, and affirm their commitment to encourage the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that accession to this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Partiesby other economies; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to AGREED as “this Agreement”):follows:

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Colombia (hereinafter referred to as “Colombia”) on one part, and the Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “"the EFTA States”)) on the other part, and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively each individual State referred to as a “Party” or collectively as the “Parties”: RESOLVED to strengthen the special bonds of friendship and co-operation between them and desirous, by way of the removal of obstacles to trade, to contribute to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade and provide a catalyst for broader international co-operation, in particular between Europe and South America; CONSIDERING that the important links existing between Colombia and the EFTA States States, in particular the Joint Declaration on Co-operation signed in Bern on 17 May 2006 and wishing to strengthen these links through the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish creation of a free trade area, thus establishing close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable developmentrelations; REAFFIRMING their commitment to democracy, the rule of law, human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with their obligations under international law, including the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; ACKNOWLEDGING the relationship between good corporate and CONVINCED that this public sector governance and sound economic development, and affirming their support to the principles of corporate governance in the UN Global Compact, as well as their intent to promote transparency and prevent and combat corruption; BUILDING on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement will Establishing the World Trade Organization (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO Agreement”) and the other agreements negotiated thereunder and other multilateral and bilateral instruments of co-operation; REAFFIRMING their commitment to economic and social development and the respect for the fundamental rights of workers, including the principles set out in the International Labour Organisation (ILO) Conventions to which the Parties are party; AIMING to create conditions encouraging economicnew employment opportunities, improve health and living standards and to ensure a large and steadily growing volume of real income in their respective territories through the expansion of trade and investment relations flows, thereby promoting broad-based economic development in order to reduce poverty; WILLING to preserve their ability to safeguard the public welfare; INTENDING to enhance the competitiveness of their firms in global markets; DETERMINED to create an expanded and secure market for goods and services in their territories and to ensure a predictable legal framework and environment for trade, business and investment by establishing clear and mutually advantageous rules; RECOGNISING that the gains from trade liberalisation should not be offset by anti- competitive practices; RESOLVED to xxxxxx creativity and innovation by protecting intellectual property rights while maintaining a balance between the Partiesrights of the holders and the interests of the public in general, particularly in education, research, public health and access to information; DETERMINED to implement this Agreement in a manner consistent with environmental protection and conservation, promote sustainable development, and strengthen their co-operation on environmental matters; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Arab Republic of Egypt (hereinafter referred to as Egypt), on the one part, and the Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and Norway, the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to collectively as “the EFTA States”), and on the Republic of Botswanaother part, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “"the Parties”": CONSIDERING the importance of the links existing between Egypt and the EFTA States, CONSIDERING that in particular the Declaration on Co-operation signed in Zermatt in December 1995, and recognizing the common wish to strengthen these links, thus establishing close and lasting relations, RECALLING the membership of Egypt and the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation Organization (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that comply with the rights and obligations arising from the Marrakech Agreement establishing the WTO, including the principles of most-favoured-nation and of national treatment, RECALLING their mutual arrangements do not impede intention to participate actively in the process of regional economic integration among in the EFTA States on the one hand Euro-Mediterranean region, and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING expressing their preparedness to create new employment opportunities co- operate in seeking ways and means to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; strengthen this process, REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; , DESIRING to create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic co-operation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and international law, RESOLVED to contribute to the strengthening of the multilateral trading system and to develop their relations towards free trade in compliance with the WTO rules, CONSIDERING that no provision of this Agreement may be interpreted as exempting the Parties from their obligations under other international agreements, especially the WTO, DESIRING to create new employment opportunities while promoting sustainable development, DECLARING their readiness to examine the possibility of developing and deepening their economic relations in order to extend them to fields not covered by this Agreement, CONVINCED that this Agreement provides an appropriate framework for exchange of information and views on economic developments and trade, CONVINCED that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Parties; them, HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “"this Agreement”"):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members on the one hand, (hereinafter called the EFTA States) and the Republic of Turkey, on the other hand, (hereinafter called Turkey), Recalling their intention to participate actively in the process of economic integration in Europe and expressing their preparedness to co-operate in seeking ways and means to strengthen this process; Having regard to the Convention establishing the European Free Trade Association (hereinafter referred EFTA); Having regard to as “the EFTA States”), and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that Agreements between the EFTA States and the SACU European Communities; Having regard to the Agreement creating an Association between Turkey and the European Economic Community; Having regard to the experience gained from the co-operation developed in the light of the aforementioned relations as well as between individual EFTA States wish and Turkey; Declaring their willingness to further strengthen take action with a view to promoting harmonious development of their links trade as well as to expanding and to establish close diversifying their mutual co- operation in fields of common interest, including fields not covered by this Agreement, thus creating a framework and lasting relations supportive environment based on partnership equality, non- discrimination, and co- operationa balance of rights and obligations; RECOGNISING Recalling the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness mutual interest of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING and Turkey in the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening continual reinforcement of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs system and interests considering their capacity as Contracting Parties of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries General Agreement on Tariffs and that such needs Trade, the provisions and interests be taken care instruments of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred which constitute a basis for their foreign trade policy; Resolved to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment lay down for this purpose provisions aimed at a progressive abolition of the Parties obstacles to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on and Turkey in accordance with the one hand and provisions of that Agreement, in particular those concerning the SACU States on the otherestablishment of free trade areas; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration Considering that no provision of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between may be interpreted as exempting the PartiesStates Parties to this Agreement from their obligations under other international agreements; HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit pursuance of the abovethese objectives, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this following Agreement”)::

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and Norway, the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), on the one part, and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union Serbia (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU StatesSerbia”), on the other, hereinafter each individual State referred to as a “Party” or collectively referred to as the “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that : RECOGNISING the common wish to strengthen the links between the EFTA States on the one part and Serbia on the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish other by establishing close and lasting relations based on partnership relations; RECALLING their intention to participate actively in the process of Euro- Mediterranean economic integration and co- operationexpressing their preparedness to co-operate in seeking ways and means to strengthen this process; RECOGNISING REAFFIRMING their commitment to democracy, human rights and fundamental freedoms, and to the efforts by political and economic freedoms, in accordance with their obligations under international law, including the governments United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of the SACU States Human Rights; REAFFIRMING their commitment to further economic and social development for their people development, the protection of health and safety, and the willingness respect for the fundamental rights of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to workers, including the principles set out in the relevant International Labour Organisation (ILO) Conventions; AIMING to create new employment opportunities and rules which govern improve health and living standards in their respective territories; DESIRING to create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic co-operation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and international trade law; DETERMINED to promote and to further strengthen the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ multilateral trading system, building on their respective rights and obligations in terms of their membership of under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution the other agreements negotiated thereunder, thereby contributing to the further strengthening harmonious development and expansion of the multilateral trading systemworld trade; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests CONSIDERING that no provision of the SACU States this Agreement may be interpreted as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of exempting the Parties from their obligations under other international agreements, especially the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the WTO and the other agreements negotiated thereunder; DETERMINED to promote regional co-operation implement this Agreement with the objectives to preserve and economic integration between protect the countries of Southern Africa and Europe environment and to encourage ensure the liberalization use of trade between natural resources in accordance with the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process principle of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING AFFIRMING their commitment to the rule of law, to prevent and combat corruption in international trade and investment and to promote the principles of transparency and objectives set out good governance; ACKNOWLEDGING the significance of responsible corporate conduct and its contribution to sustainable economic development and affirming their support to efforts for the promotion of relevant international standards; DECLARING their readiness to examine the possibility of developing and deepening their economic relations in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rightsorder to extend them to fields not covered by this Agreement; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will enhance the competitiveness of their firms in global markets and create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Partiesthem; HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Peru (hereinafter referred to as “Peru”) on one part, and Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”)) on the other, and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter each individual State referred to jointly as a “SACUParty” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as the “the Parties”: RESOLVED to strengthen the special bonds of friendship and co-operation between them and desirous, by way of the removal of obstacles to trade, to contribute to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade and provide a catalyst for broader international co-operation, in particular between Europe and South America; CONSIDERING that the important links existing between Peru and the EFTA States States, in particular the Joint Declaration on Co-operation signed in Geneva on 24 April 2006, and wishing to strengthen these links through the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish creation of a free trade area, thus establishing close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable developmentrelations; REAFFIRMING their commitment to democracy, the rule of law, human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with their obligations under international law, including the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; ACKNOWLEDGING the relationship between good corporate and CONVINCED that this public sector governance and sound economic development, and affirming their support to the principles of corporate governance in the United Nations Global Compact, as well as their intent to promote transparency and prevent and combat corruption; BUILDING on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement will Establishing the World Trade Organization (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO Agreement”) and the other agreements negotiated thereunder and other multilateral and bilateral instruments of co-operation; REAFFIRMING their commitment to economic and social development and the respect for the fundamental rights of workers, including the principles set out in the International Labour Organisation (ILO) Conventions to which the Parties are party; AIMING to create conditions encouraging economicnew employment opportunities, improve health and living standards and ensure a large and steadily growing volume of real income in their respective territories through the expansion of trade and investment relations flows, thereby promoting broad-based economic development in order to reduce poverty and generating opportunities for sustainable economic alternatives to drug-crop production; WILLING to preserve their ability to safeguard the public welfare; INTENDING to enhance the competitiveness of their firms in global markets; DETERMINED to create an expanded and secure market for goods and services in their territories and to ensure a predictable legal framework and environment for trade, business and investment by establishing clear and mutually advantageous rules; RECOGNISING that the gains from trade liberalisation should not be offset by anti- competitive practices; RESOLVED to xxxxxx creativity and innovation by protecting intellectual property rights while maintaining a balance between the Partiesrights of the holders and the interests of the public in general, particularly in education, research, public health and access to information; DETERMINED to implement this Agreement in a manner consistent with environmental protection and conservation, promote sustainable development, and strengthen their co-operation on environmental matters; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Government of the People's Republic of Iceland, the Principality of LiechtensteinBangladesh, the Kingdom of Norway Bhutan, the Republic of India, the Republic of Maldives, the Kingdom of Nepal, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Swiss Confederation, Members Democratic Socialist Republic of the European Free Trade Association (Sri Lanka hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA "Contracting States”)", and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts Motivated by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation for the benefit of their peoples, in a spirit of mutual accommodation, with full respect for the principles of sovereign equality, independence and territorial integrity of all States; Aware that the expansion of trade could act as a powerful stimulus to the development of their national economies, by expanding investment and production, thus providing greater opportunities of employment and help securing higher living standards for their population; Convinced of the need to establish and promote regional preferential trading arrangement for strengthening intra-regional economic cooperation and the development of national economies; Bearing in mind the urgent need to promote the intra-regional trade which presently constitutes a negligible share in the total volume of the South Asian trade; Recalling the direction given at the Fourth SAARC Summit meeting held in Islamabad in December 1988 that specific areas be identified where economic cooperation might be feasible immediately; Guided by the declared commitment of the Heads of State or Government of the Member Countries at the Sixth SAARC Summit held in Colombo in December 1991 to the liberalisation of trade in the region through a step by step approach in such a manner that countries in the region share the benefits of trade expansion equitably; Cognizant of the mandate given by the Sixth SAARC Summit in Colombo to formulate and seek agreement on an institutional framework under which specific measures for trade liberalisation among SAARC Member States could be furthered and to examine the Sri Lankan proposal to establish the SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) by 1997; Recognising that a preferential trading arrangement is the first step towards higher levels of trade and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out cooperation in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economicregion, trade and investment relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to Have agreed as “this Agreement”):follows:

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway Norway, the Swiss Confederation (hereinafter referred to as the “EFTA States”) on the one part, and the Swiss Confederation, Members Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the European Free Trade Association People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA StatesHong Kong, China”), and on the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”)other, hereinafter collectively individually referred to as a “Party” or collectively as the “Parties”, CONSIDERING that : RECOGNISING the EFTA States and the SACU States common wish to further strengthen their the links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand part and the SACU States Hong Kong, China on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities other by establishing closer and to improve working conditions lasting trade and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable developmentinvestment relations; REAFFIRMING their commitment to democracy, the rule of law, human rights and fundamental political and economic freedoms in accordance with their obligations under international law, and principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; REAFFIRMING their commitment to pursue the objective of sustainable development and recognising the interdependence and mutual supportiveness of trade, environment and labour policies in this respect; RECALLING their rights and obligations under multilateral environmental agreements applicable to them, and the respect for the fundamental principles and rights at work, including the principles set out in the relevant International Labour Organisation Conventions applicable to them; AIMING to create new employment opportunities, raise the living standards of their people and improve their living conditions through liberalising trade and improving levels of protection of health and safety and of the environment; DESIRING to create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic co-operation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and international law; RECOGNISING the importance of trade facilitation in promoting efficient and transparent procedures to reduce costs and to enhance predictability for the trading communities of the Parties; DETERMINED to promote and further strengthen the multilateral trading system, building on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as the “WTO”) and the other agreements negotiated thereunder, thereby contributing to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade; DETERMINED to implement this Agreement in line with the objectives to preserve and protect the environment through sound environmental management and to promote an optimal use of the world’s resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development; AFFIRMING their commitment to prevent and combat corruption in international trade and investment and to promote the principles of transparency and good governance; ACKNOWLEDGING the importance of good corporate governance and corporate social responsibility for sustainable development, and affirming their aim to encourage enterprises to take into account internationally recognised guidelines and principles where appropriate; CONVINCED that this Agreement will enhance the competitiveness of their firms in global markets and create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Partiesthem; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Albania (hereinafter referred to as “Albania”), on the one part, and Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and Norway, the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), and on the Republic of Botswanaother, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter each individual State referred to jointly as a “SACUParty” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as the “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that : RECOGNISING the common wish to strengthen the links between Albania on the one part and the EFTA States and on the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish other by establishing close and lasting relations based on partnership relations; RECALLING their intention to participate actively in the process of Euro Mediterranean economic integration and co- operationexpressing their preparedness to co-operate in seeking ways and means to strengthen this process; RECOGNISING REAFFIRMING their commitment to democracy, human rights and fundamental freedoms, and to the efforts by political and economic freedoms, in accordance with their obligations under international law, including the governments United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of the SACU States Human Rights; REAFFIRMING their commitment to further economic and social development for their people development, the protection of health and safety, and the willingness respect for the fundamental rights of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to workers, including the principles set out in the relevant International Labour Organisation (ILO) Conventions; AIMING to create new employment opportunities, and rules which govern improve health and living standards in their respective territories; DESIRING to create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic co-operation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and international trade law; DETERMINED to promote and to further strengthen the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ multilateral trading system, building on their respective rights and obligations in terms of their membership of under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution the other agreements negotiated thereunder, thereby contributing to the further strengthening harmonious development and expansion of the multilateral trading systemworld trade; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests CONSIDERING that no provision of the SACU States this Agreement may be interpreted as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of exempting the Parties from their obligations under other international agreements, especially the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the WTO and the other agreements negotiated thereunder; DETERMINED to promote regional co-operation implement this Agreement with the objectives to preserve and economic integration between protect the countries of Southern Africa and Europe environment and to encourage ensure the liberalization use of trade between natural resources in accordance with the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process principle of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING AFFIRMING their commitment to the rule of law, to prevent and combat corruption in international trade and investment and to promote the principles of transparency and objectives set out good governance; ACKNOWLEDGING the significance of responsible corporate conduct and its contribution to sustainable economic development and affirming their support to efforts for the promotion of relevant international standards; DECLARING their readiness to examine the possibility of developing and deepening their economic relations in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rightsorder to extend them to fields not covered by this Agreement; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will enhance the competitiveness of their firms in global markets and create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Partiesthem; HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of on the European Free Trade Association one hand (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), and the Republic of BotswanaTurkey, on the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union other hand (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”Turkey), hereinafter collectively each individually referred to as a “Party” or collectively as the “Parties”, CONSIDERING that RECOGNISING the common wish to strengthen the links between the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish Turkey by establishing close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable developmentrelations; REAFFIRMING their commitment to democracy, the principles rule of law, human rights and objectives set out fundamental freedoms in accordance with international law, including the United Nations (UN) Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; REAFFIRMING their commitment to pursue the objective of sustainable development and recognising the importance of coherence and mutual supportiveness of trade, environment and labour policies in this respect; RECALLING their rights and obligations under multilateral environmental agreements to which they are party, and the respect for the fundamental principles and rights at work, including the principles set out in the relevant International Labour Organisation (ILO) Conventions to which they are party; AIMING to raise living standards and ensure high levels of protection of health and safety and of the environment, promote economic growth and stability, create new employment opportunities and improve the general welfare and, to this end, reaffirming their commitment to promoting trade liberalisation; DESIRING to create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between the Parties and for the promotion of commercial and economic cooperation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non- discrimination and international law; RECOGNISING the importance of trade facilitation in promoting efficient and transparent procedures to reduce costs and to ensure predictability for the trading communities of the Parties; DETERMINED to promote and further strengthen the multilateral trading system, building on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO Agreement) and the other agreements negotiated thereunder, thereby contributing to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade; DETERMINED to implement this Agreement in line with the objectives to preserve and protect the environment through sound environmental management and to promote an optimal use of the world’s resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development; AFFIRMING their commitment to prevent and combat corruption in international trade and investment and to promote the principles of transparency and good public governance; ACKNOWLEDGING the importance of good corporate governance and corporate social responsibility for sustainable development, and affirming their aim to encourage enterprises to observe internationally recognised guidelines and principles in this respect, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and the UN Global Compact; CONVINCED that this Agreement will enhance the competitiveness of their firms in global markets and create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and Norway, the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “called the EFTA States”), ) and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union Macedonia (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”called Macedonia), hereinafter collectively referred Recalling their intention to as “participate actively in the Parties”process of economic integration in Europe and expressing their preparedness to co-operate in seeking ways and means to strengthen this process, CONSIDERING that Considering the importance of the links existing between the EFTA States and Macedonia, in particular the SACU States Declaration on Co-operation signed in Vaduz in March 1996, and recognising the common wish to further strengthen their links and to establish these links, thus establishing close and lasting relations relations, Reaffirming the EFTA States’ and Macedonia’s commitment and readiness to support the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Aware of the importance of giving full effect to all the provisions and principles of the CSCE/OSCE process, in particular the Helsinki Final Act and the Charter of Paris for a new Europe, as well as the final document of the Bonn Conference on economic co- operation in Europe, Reaffirming their commitment to pluralistic democracy based on partnership the rule of law, human rights, including rights of persons belonging to minorities, and co- operation; RECOGNISING fundamental freedoms, and recalling the efforts by the governments principles of the SACU States United Nations Charter, Desiring to further create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic co-operation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and social development for their people and international law, Recalling the willingness membership of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution commitment to comply with the rights and obligations arising from the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the WTO, including the principles of most-favoured-nation and of national treatment, and mindful of Macedonia’s objective to become a Member of WTO, Resolved to contribute to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING system and to develop their relations towards free trade in compliance with WTO rules, Considering that no provision of this Agreement may be interpreted as exempting the special needs Parties from their obligations under other international agreements, especially the WTO, Determined to implement this Agreement with the objective to preserve and interests protect the environment and to ensure an optimal use of natural resources in accordance with the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries principle of sustainable development, Firmly convinced that this Agreement will contribute to the creation and that such needs strengthening of an enlarged and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred harmonious free trade area within Europe, thus constituting an important contribution to European integration, Declaring their readiness to examine, in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING light of any relevant factor, the commitment possibility of the Parties developing and deepening their economic relations in order to promote regional co-operation extend them to fields not covered by this Agreement, Convinced that this Agreement provides an appropriate framework for exchange of information and views on economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa developments and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED as well as related matters, Also convinced that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Parties; them, HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “called this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic Caribbean Community (CARICOM), an intergovernmental organization on behalf of Icelandthe Governments of Antigua and Barbuda, the Principality of LiechtensteinBarbados, the Kingdom of Norway Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, St. Xxxxxxx and the Swiss ConfederationGrenadines, Members Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago of the European Free Trade Association (hereinafter referred to as “one part and the EFTA States”), and Government of the Republic of Botswana, Costa Rica of the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union other part (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”) HAVING DECIDED TO STRENGTHEN the special bonds of friendship, CONSIDERING that solidarity and cooperation between their Governments and peoples; CONTRIBUTE to the EFTA States harmonious development and expansion of world and regional trade and provide a catalyst for broader international cooperation; IMPROVE their existing trade relations and create opportunities for further economic development; CREATE an expanded and more secure market for the goods produced in and the SACU States wish services supplied in or from their territories; REDUCE distortions in trade; ESTABLISH clear and mutually beneficial rules to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of regulate trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND ENSURE a transparent and predictable commercial framework for the Parties’ commitment planning of productive activities and investment; OBSERVE their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization and other relevant bilateral and multilateral cooperation instruments, or economic integration instruments to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of which they are party; PROMOTE regional integration among in the EFTA States on Americas; ENHANCE the one hand and competitiveness of their companies in the SACU States on the otherworld markets; DESIRING to create CREATE new employment opportunities and to opportunities, improve working conditions and living standards the quality of life in their respective territories while promoting territories; UNDERTAKE all of the above in a manner consistent with the protection and conservation of the environment; PROMOTE sustainable development; REAFFIRMING PRESERVE their commitment capacity to safeguard public welfare; PROMOTE the principles and objectives set out active participation of private economic agents in the United Nations Charter efforts of deepening and broadening the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment economic relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit AGREED as follows: PART ONE: GENERAL PART Chapter I: Initial Provisions and Institutional Arrangements Section I: Initial Provisions Article I.01 Establishment of the aboveFree Trade Area The Parties, to conclude consistently with Article XXIV (Territorial Application – Frontier Traffic – Customs Unions and Free Trade Areas) of the present General Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):on Tariffs and Trade and its related Understanding of the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization, hereby establish a free trade area.

PREAMBLE. WE, the Heads of State or Government of: The People's Republic of Angola The Republic of IcelandBotswana The Kingdom of Lesotho The Republic of Malawi The Republic of Mozambique The Republic of Namibia The Kingdom of Swaziland The United Republic of Tanzania The Republic of Zambia The Republic of Zimbabwe HAVING REGARD to the objectives set forth in "Southern Africa: Toward Economic Liberation - A Declaration by the Governments of Independent States of Southern Africa, made at Lusaka, on the 1st April, 1980"; IN PURSUANCE of the principles of "Towards a Southern African Development Community- A Declaration made by the Heads of State or Government of Southern Africa at Windhoek, in August, 1992", which affirms our commitment to establish a Development Community in the Region; DETERMINED to ensure, through common action, the Principality progress and wellbeing of Liechtensteinthe people of Southern Africa; CONSCIOUS of our duty to promote the interdependence and integration of our national economies for the harmonious, balanced and equitable development of the Kingdom Region; CONVINCED of Norway the need to mobilise our own and international resources to promote the implementation of national, interstate and regional policies, programmes and projects within the framework for economic integration; DEDICATED to secure, by concerted action, international understanding, support and co-operation; MINDFUL of the need to involve the people of the Region centrally in the process of development and integration, particularly through the guarantee of democratic rights, observance of human rights and the Swiss Confederationrule of law; RECOGNISING that, Members in an increasingly interdependent world, mutual understanding, good neighbourliness, and meaningful co-operation among the countries of the European Free Trade Association (hereinafter referred Region are indispensable to as “the EFTA States”)realisation of these ideals; TAKING INTO ACCOUNT the Lagos Plan of Action and the Final Act of Lagos of April 1980, and the Republic Treaty establishing the African Economic Community signed at Abuja, on the 3rd of BotswanaJune, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties1991; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment principles of international law governing relation between States; Have decided to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede establish an international organisation to be known as the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand Southern African Development Community (SADC), and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):hereby agree is follows: CHAPTER ONE

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway Norway, and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), on the one part, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”)other, hereinafter collectively individually referred to as a “Party” or collectively as the “Parties”, CONSIDERING that : RECOGNISING the EFTA States and the SACU States common wish to further strengthen their the links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand part and the SACU States Bosnia and Herzegovina on the otherother by establishing close and lasting relations; DESIRING RECALLING their intention to create new employment opportunities participate actively in the process of Euro- Mediterranean economic integration and expressing their preparedness to improve working conditions cooperate in seeking ways and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable developmentmeans to strengthen this process; REAFFIRMING their commitment to democracy, the principles rule of law, human rights and objectives fundamental freedoms in accordance with their obligations under international law, including as set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; DESIRING to create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic cooperation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and international law; DETERMINED to promote and further strengthen the multilateral trading system, building on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as the “WTO Agreement”) and the other agreements negotiated thereunder, thereby contributing to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade; REAFFIRMING their commitment to pursue the objective of sustainable development and recognising the importance of coherence and mutual supportiveness of trade, environment and labour policies in this respect; RECALLING their rights and obligations under multilateral environmental agreements to which they are party, and the respect for the fundamental principles and rights at work, including the principles set out in the relevant International Labour Organisation (hereinafter referred to as the “ILO”) Conventions to which they are a party; AIMING to create new employment opportunities and to improve living standards, along with high levels of protection of health and safety and of the environment; DETERMINED to implement this Agreement in line with the objective to preserve and protect the environment through sound environmental management and to promote an optimal use of the world‟s resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development; AFFIRMING their commitment to prevent and combat corruption in international trade and investment, and to promote the principles of transparency and good public governance; ACKNOWLEDGING the importance of good corporate governance and corporate social responsibility for sustainable development, and affirming their aim to encourage enterprises to observe internationally recognised guidelines and principles in this respect, such as the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and the UN Global Compact; DECLARING their readiness to examine the possibility of developing and deepening their economic relations in order to extend them to fields not covered by this Agreement; CONVINCED that this Agreement will enhance the competitiveness of their firms in global markets and create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Partiesthem; HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as the “the EFTA States”), on the one hand, and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, Costa Rica and the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation Panama (hereinafter referred to as the “Central American States”), on the WTOother, hereinafter each individually referred to as a “Party” or collectively as the “Parties”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; , RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of common wish to strengthen the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration links between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand part and the SACU Central American States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities other by establishing close and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable developmentlasting relations; REAFFIRMING their commitment to democracy, the principles rule of law, human rights and objectives fundamental freedoms in accordance with their obligations under international law, including as set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; REAFFIRMING their commitment to pursue the objective of sustainable development and recognising the importance of coherence and mutual supportiveness of trade, environment and labour policies in this respect; RECALLING their rights and obligations under multilateral environmental agreements to which they are party, and the respect for the fundamental principles and rights at work, including the principles set out in the International Labour Organisation (hereinafter referred to as the “ILO”) Conventions to which they are party; AIMING to create new employment opportunities, improve living standards along with high levels of protection of health and safety and of the environment; DESIRING to create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic cooperation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and international law; RECOGNISING the importance of trade facilitation in promoting efficient and transparent procedures to reduce costs and to ensure predictability for the trading communities of the Parties; DETERMINED to promote and further strengthen the multilateral trading system, building on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as the “WTO Agreement”) and the other agreements negotiated thereunder, thereby contributing to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade; DETERMINED to implement this Agreement in line with the objectives to preserve and protect the environment through sound environmental management and to promote an optimal use of the world’s resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development; AFFIRMING their commitment to prevent and combat corruption in international trade and investment and to promote the principles of transparency and good public governance; ACKNOWLEDGING the importance of good corporate governance and corporate social responsibility for sustainable development, and affirming their aim to encourage enterprises to observe internationally recognised guidelines and principles in this respect, established by organisations such as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations (UN); CONVINCED that this Agreement will enhance the competitiveness of their firms in global markets and create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Partiesthem; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):): CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), Kosovo and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union Serbia (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that )  Recognizing the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments will of the SACU peoples of both States to further economic that there should be a comprehensive, permanent and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by binding agreement between the Parties to that secures peace, prosperity and harmonious relations between the principles and rules which govern international trade and to two States;  Recognizing the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment responsibility of the Parties to promote regional co-operation resolve outstanding issues in the interests of the security and economic integration between prosperity of the countries region and the international community generally;  Recognizing that the Agreement on Succession Issues (2001) concluded by the successor states to the former Socialist Federal Republic of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage Yugoslavia provides a framework for assisting in the liberalization resolution of trade between certain analogous issues for the Parties; BEARING IN MIND  Reaffirming the Parties’ commitment aspirations of the Parties for membership of the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, as well as other international organisations including in the case of Kosovo the United Nations;  Mindful of the need to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the promote and implement an inclusive and gender sensitive process of regional integration among reconciliation and reparation for dealing with the EFTA States past;  Mindful of the legitimate right of the Republic of Serbia to advocate for the rights of the Serbian community living in Republic of Kosovo;  Recognizing that the right to self-determination in situations where a distinct people is oppressed or where the previous state’s government does not legitimately represent that people’s interests, is clearly enshrined in international law;  Recognizing that it is a principle of international law that newly formed sovereign states should have the same borders as the preceding dependent area before independence;  Recognizing that the 2007 Comprehensive Proposal for the Kosovo Status Settlement concluded that Kosovo should be established as a multi-ethnic society with respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms;  Recognizing the International Court of Justice’s advisory opinion that Kosovo’s unilateral declaration of independence is in compliance with international law;  Reaffirming the obligations arising from the agreements facilitated by the European Union on normalization of relations;  Acknowledging the one hand legitimate interests of the international community in ensuring implementation of and compliance with this Agreement;  Reaffirming the SACU States on commitments that the other; DESIRING Parties have made pursuant to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment Stabilization and Association Agreements with the European Union Hereby agree to be bound by the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration terms of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):.

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”)Moldova, hereinafter collectively each individually referred to as a “Party” or collectively as the “Parties”, CONSIDERING that RECOGNISING the EFTA States and the SACU States common wish to further strengthen their the links and to establish between the Parties by establishing close and lasting relations based on partnership relations; DESIRING to create favourable conditions for the development and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments diversification of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by trade between the Parties and for the promotion of commercial and economic cooperation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and international law; DETERMINED to the principles promote and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of strengthen the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING , building on their respective rights and obligations under the special needs and interests of Marrakesh Agreement establishing the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand World Trade Organization (WTO Agreement) and the SACU States on other agreements negotiated thereunder, thereby contributing to the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities harmonious development and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable developmentexpansion of world trade; REAFFIRMING their commitment to democracy, the principles rule of law, human rights and objectives fundamental freedoms in accordance with their obligations under international law, including as set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; AIMING to create new employment opportunities, improve living standards and ensure high levels of protection of health and safety and of the environment; REAFFIRMING their commitment to pursue the objective of sustainable development and recognising the importance of coherent and mutually supportive trade, environmental and labour policies in this respect; DETERMINED to implement this Agreement in line with the objectives to preserve and protect the environment through sound environmental management and to promote an optimal use of the world’s resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development; RECALLING their rights and obligations under multilateral environmental agreements to which they are a party, and the respect for the fundamental principles and rights at work, including the principles set out in the relevant International Labour Organisation (ILO) Conventions to which they are a party; RECOGNISING the importance of ensuring predictability for the trading communities of the Parties; REAFFIRMING their commitment to promote inclusive economic growth by ensuring equal opportunities for all; AFFIRMING their commitment to prevent and combat corruption in international trade and investment and to promote the principles of transparency and good public governance; ACKNOWLEDGING the importance of good corporate governance and corporate social responsibility for sustainable development, and affirming their aim to encourage enterprises to observe internationally recognised guidelines and principles in this respect, such as the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and the UN Global Compact; CONVINCED that this Agreement will enhance the competitiveness of their firms in global markets and create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway Norway, and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “called the EFTA States”), ) and the Republic of BotswanaBulgaria (hereinafter called Bulgaria), Recalling their intention to participate actively in the Kingdom process of Lesothoeconomic integration in Europe and expressing their preparedness to co-operate in seeking ways and means to strengthen this process, Considering the Republic importance of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa traditional links existing between the EFTA States and Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Swazilandcommon values they share, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING and recognizing that the EFTA States and the SACU States Bulgaria wish to further strengthen their these links and to establish close and lasting relations relations, Having regard to the Declaration signed by the EFTA States and Bulgaria in Geneva in December 1991, Recalling their firm commitment to the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Charter of Paris for a new Europe, and in particular the principles contained in the final document of the CSCE Bonn Conference on Economic Co-operation in Europe, Reaffirming their commitment to pluralistic democracy based on partnership the rule of law, human rights, including rights of persons belonging to minorities, and co- operation; RECOGNISING fundamental freedoms, and recalling their membership in the efforts by Council of Europe, Considering the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness commitment of the EFTA States and Bulgaria to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties free trade, and in particular to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights General Agreement on Tariffs and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED Trade, Xxxxxx convinced that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economicxxxxxx the creation of an enlarged and harmonious free trade area within Europe, trade thus constituting an important contribution to European integration, Bearing in mind the economic and investment relations social disparities between the Parties; EFTA States and Bulgaria and thus recognizing that the objectives of this Agreement should be reached through its appropriate provisions, Resolved to this end to gradually establish a free trade area by eliminating progressively the obstacles to substantially all their trade, in accordance with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Declaring their readiness to examine, in the light of any relevant factor, the possibility of developing and deepening their relations in order to extend them to fields not covered by this Agreement, Considering that no provision of this Agreement may be interpreted as exempting the States Parties to this Agreement from their obligations under other international agreements, HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”)::

PREAMBLE. The Republic Desirous to develop and strengthen friendly relations, especially in the fields of Icelandtrade and economic cooperation, with the Principality aim to contribute to the development of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), and economic cooperation between the Republic of BotswanaAlbania and Kosovo to increase the scope of mutual trade exchange, the Kingdom The Council of Lesotho, Ministers of the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa Albania and the Kingdom United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) on behalf of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union Provisional Institutions of Self- Government in Kosovo (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “called "the SACU States”Contracting Parties"), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING Reaffirming their commitment to the principles of market economy, which constitutes the basis for their relations, Considering their common desire to participate actively in the process of international economic integration, Expressing their readiness to co-operate in finding the means and objectives set ways for strengthening of this process, Considering the rights and obligations, arising out of the Stabilisation and Association process between the European Community and the Contracting Parties, Taking into account United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) of 10 June 1999, authorizing the Secretary-General to establish an international civil presence in Kosovo, known as the United Nations Charter Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), and the Universal Declaration authority of Human Rights; the Special Representative of the Secretary General (SRSG) derived from this Resolution, Resolved to this and CONVINCED to eliminate progressively the obstacles to substantially all their mutual trade in accordance with the provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT 1994) and the Marrakesh Agreement, establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO), Declaring their readiness to undertake activities with a view of promoting harmonious development of their trade, as well as of expanding and diversifying their mutual co-operation in the fields of joint interest, including fields, not covered by this Agreement, thus creating a framework and supportive environment, based on equality, non-discrimination, and balance of rights and obligations, Firmly decided that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economicpromote the intensification of mutually beneficial trade between them and will bring to the process of integration in Europe, trade Considering that no provision of this Agreement may be interpreted as exempting the Parties from their obligations under other international agreements, especially the General Agreement on Tariffs and investment relations between Trade 1994 and the Parties; HAVE AGREEDMarrakesh Agreement, establishing the World Trade Organization, Have Decided, in pursuit pursuance of the abovethese objectives, to conclude the present following Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “"this Agreement”"):

PREAMBLE. The Republic DESIROUS to develop and strengthen friendly relations, especially in the fields of Icelandtrade and economic cooperation, with the Principality aim to contribute to the development of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), and economic cooperation between the Republic of BotswanaAlbania and Kosovo, and to increase the Kingdom scope of Lesothomutual trade exchange, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA AND THE UNITED NATIONS INTERIM ADMINISTRATION MISSION IN KOSOVO (UNMIK) ON BEHALF OF THE PROVISIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT IN KOSOVO (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “called "the SACU States”Contracting Parties"), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles of market economy, which constitutes the basis for their relations, CONSIDERING their common desire to participate actively in the process of international economic integration, EXPRESSING their readiness to co-operate in finding the means and objectives set ways for strengthening of this process, CONSIDERING the rights and obligations, arising out of the Stabilisation and Association process between the European Community and the Contracting Parties, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) of 10 June 1999, authorizing the Secretary-General to establish an international civil presence in Kosovo, known as the United Nations Charter Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), and the Universal Declaration authority of Human Rights; the Special Representative of the Secretary General (SRSG) derived from this Resolution, RESOLVED to this and CONVINCED to eliminate progressively the obstacles to substantially all their mutual trade in accordance with the provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT 1994) and the Marrakesh Agreement, establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO), DECLARING their readiness to undertake activities with a view of promoting harmonious development of their trade, as well as of expanding and diversifying their mutual co-operation in the fields of joint interest, including fields, not covered by this Agreement, thus creating a framework and supportive environment, based on equality, non-discrimination, and balance of rights and obligations, FIRMLY decided that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economicpromote the intensification of mutually beneficial trade between them and will bring to the process of integration in Europe, trade CONSIDERING that no provision of this Agreement may be interpreted as exempting the Parties from their obligations under other international agreements, especially the General Agreement on Tariffs and investment relations between Trade 1994 and the Parties; Marrakesh Agreement, establishing the World Trade Organization, HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit pursuance of the abovethese objectives, to conclude the present following Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “"this Agreement”"):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, Turkey and the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Hashemite Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Jordan (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA StatesParties” or “Turkey” and “Jordan” where appropriate); DESIROUS to develop and strengthen the existing friendly relations, especially in the fields of economic co-operation and trade, with an aim to contribute to the progress of economic co-operation between the two countries and to increase the scope of mutual trade exchanges; CONFIRMING their intention to participate actively in the process of economic integration in Europe and in the Mediterranean Basin expressing their preparedness to co-operate in seeking ways and means to strengthen this process; TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION the “Agreement Establishing an Association between Turkey and the European Economic Community” and “the Euro- Mediterranean Agreement Establishing an Association between the European Communities and their Member States and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan”); HAVING regard to the experience gained from the co-operation developed between the Parties to this Agreement as well as between them and their main trading partners; TAKING INTO ACCOUNT the difference in economic and social development existing between the Parties and the need to intensify existing efforts to promote economic and social development in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan; DECLARING their readiness to undertake activities with a view to promoting harmonious development of their trade as well as to expanding and diversifying their mutual co-operation in the fields of joint interest, including fields not covered by this Agreement, thus creating a framework and supportive environment based on equality, non discrimination, and a balance of rights and obligations; REFERRING to the Republic mutual interest of Botswana, the Kingdom Parties in the continual reinforcement of Lesotho, the Republic multilateral trading system and considering that the provisions and instruments of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa General Agreement on Tariffs and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union Trade 1994 (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU StatesGATT 1994”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States ) and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) constitute a basis for their foreign trade policy; CONSIDERING the rights and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment obligations of the Parties stemming from the GATT 1994 and the WTO; RESOLVED to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between lay down for this purpose provisions aimed at progressive abolition of the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and obstacles to encourage the liberalization of trade between the PartiesParties in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, in particular those concerning the establishment of free trade area; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure BELIEVING that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process development of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand trade and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out cooperation in the United Nations Charter economic and technical fields is one of the Universal Declaration main elements of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Partiesrapid development strategies of both countries; HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit pursuance of the abovethese objectives, to conclude the present following Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):).

PREAMBLE. The Government of the People’s Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association China (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA StatesChina”), on one part, and the Government of the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union Serbia (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU StatesSerbia”), on the other part, hereinafter individually referred to as a “Party” or collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that ; RECALLING the EFTA States Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the SACU States wish Government of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia signed in 1996 with the objective of strengthening cooperation and developing trade and economic relation; COMMITTED to further strengthen their links and to establish deepening close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING through the efforts by the governments of the SACU States free trade agreement with a view to further bring economic and social development benefits, to create new opportunities for employment and to improve the living standards of their people peoples; REAFFIRMING their commitment to carry out comprehensive cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative and jointly forging a community of shared future; REAFFIRMING their commitment to pursue the objective of sustainable development; COMMITTED to the promotion of prosperity, democracy, social progress and to uphold freedom, equality, justice and the willingness rule of law, reaffirming their commitment to the Charter of the EFTA States United Nations and fundamental norms of international relations; DETERMINED to support this process; RECALLING promote and further strengthen the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ multilateral trading system, building on their respective rights and obligations in terms of their membership of under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation Organization (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening ); CONSIDERING that no provision of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States this Agreement may be interpreted as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of exempting the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between from their obligations under other international agreements, especially the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage Marrakesh Agreement establishing the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand WTO and the SACU States on other agreements negotiated thereunder; DECLARING their readiness to examine the otherpossibility of developing and deepening their economic relations in order to extend them to fields not covered by this Agreement; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will enhance the competitiveness of their firms in global markets and create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Partiesthem; HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this following Agreement”)::

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss ConfederationConfederation (EFTA States), Members and The Republic of the European Free Trade Association Ecuador (Ecuador), hereinafter each individually referred to as a “the EFTA States”), and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACUParty” or severally collectively as the “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that RECOGNISING the common wish to strengthen the links between the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish Ecuador by establishing close and lasting relations based on partnership relations; DESIRING to create favourable conditions for the development and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments diversification of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by trade between the Parties and for the promotion of commercial and economic cooperation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and international law; DETERMINED to the principles promote and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of strengthen the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING , building on their respective rights and obligations under the special needs and interests of Marrakesh Agreement establishing the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand World Trade Organization (WTO Agreement) and the SACU States on other agreements negotiated thereunder, thereby contributing to the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities harmonious development and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable developmentexpansion of world trade; REAFFIRMING their commitment to democracy, the principles rule of law, human rights and objectives fundamental freedoms in accordance with their obligations under international law, including as set out in the United Nations (UN) Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; AIMING to promote comprehensive economic development with the objective of reducing poverty, to create new employment opportunities, to improve living standards, and to ensure high levels of protection of health and safety and of the environment; REAFFIRMING their commitment to pursue the objective of sustainable development and recognising the importance of coherent and mutually supportive trade, environmental and labour policies in this respect; DETERMINED to implement this Agreement in line with the objectives to preserve and protect the environment through sound environmental management and to promote an optimal use of the world’s resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development; RECALLING their rights and obligations under multilateral environmental agreements to which they are a party, and the respect for the fundamental principles and rights at work, including the principles set out in the relevant International Labour Organisation (ILO) Conventions to which they are a party; RECOGNISING the importance of ensuring predictability for the trading communities of the Parties, while ensuring the protection of public interest; AFFIRMING their commitment to prevent and combat corruption in international trade and investment and to promote the principles of transparency and good public governance; ACKNOWLEDGING the importance of good corporate governance and corporate social responsibility for sustainable development, and affirming their aim to encourage enterprises to observe and adhere to internationally recognised guidelines and principles in this respect, such as the UN Global Compact; CONVINCED that this Agreement will enhance the competitiveness of their firms in global markets and create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway Norway, and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “called the EFTA States”), ) and the Republic of BotswanaBulgaria (hereinafter called Bulgaria), Recalling their intention to participate actively in the Kingdom process of Lesothoeconomic integration in Europe and expressing their preparedness to co-operate in seeking ways and means to strengthen this process, Considering the Republic importance of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa traditional links existing between the EFTA States and Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Swazilandcommon values they share, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING and recognizing that the EFTA States and the SACU States Bulgaria wish to further strengthen their these links and to establish close and lasting relations relations, Having regard to the Declaration signed by the EFTA States and Bulgaria in Geneva in December 1991, Recalling their firm commitment to the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Charter of Paris for a new Europe, and in particular the principles contained in the final document of the CSCE Bonn Conference on Economic Co-operation in Europe, Reaffirming their commitment to pluralistic democracy based on partnership the rule of law, human rights, including rights of persons belonging to minorities, and co- operation; RECOGNISING fundamental freedoms, and recalling their membership in the efforts by Council of Europe, Considering the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness commitment of the EFTA States and Bulgaria to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties free trade, and in particular to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights General Agreement on Tariffs and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED Trade, Firmly convinced that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economicxxxxxx the creation of an enlarged and harmonious free trade area within Europe, trade thus constituting an important contribution to European integration, Bearing in mind the economic and investment relations social disparities between the Parties; EFTA States and Bulgaria and thus recognizing that the objectives of this Agreement should be reached through its appropriate provisions, Resolved to this end to gradually establish a free trade area by eliminating progressively the obstacles to substantially all their trade, in accordance with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Declaring their readiness to examine, in the light of any relevant factor, the possibility of developing and deepening their relations in order to extend them to fields not covered by this Agreement, Considering that no provision of this Agreement may be interpreted as exempting the States Parties to this Agreement from their obligations under other international agreements, HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”)::

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway Norway, and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), on the one part, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”)other, hereinafter collectively individually referred to as a “Party” or collectively as the “Parties”, CONSIDERING that : RECOGNISING the EFTA States and the SACU States common wish to further strengthen their the links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand part and the SACU States Bosnia and Herzegovina on the otherother by establishing close and lasting relations; DESIRING RECALLING their intention to create new employment opportunities participate actively in the process of Euro-Mediterranean economic integration and expressing their preparedness to improve working conditions cooperate in seeking ways and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable developmentmeans to strengthen this process; REAFFIRMING their commitment to democracy, the principles rule of law, human rights and objectives fundamental freedoms in accordance with their obligations under international law, including as set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; DESIRING to create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic cooperation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and international law; DETERMINED to promote and further strengthen the multilateral trading system, building on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as the “WTO Agreement”) and the other agreements negotiated thereunder, thereby contributing to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade; REAFFIRMING their commitment to pursue the objective of sustainable development and recognising the importance of coherence and mutual supportiveness of trade, environment and labour policies in this respect; RECALLING their rights and obligations under multilateral environmental agreements to which they are party, and the respect for the fundamental principles and rights at work, including the principles set out in the relevant International Labour Organisation (hereinafter referred to as the “ILO”) Conventions to which they are a party; AIMING to create new employment opportunities and to improve living standards, along with high levels of protection of health and safety and of the environment; DETERMINED to implement this Agreement in line with the objective to preserve and protect the environment through sound environmental management and to promote an optimal use of the world’s resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development; AFFIRMING their commitment to prevent and combat corruption in international trade and investment, and to promote the principles of transparency and good public governance; ACKNOWLEDGING the importance of good corporate governance and corporate social responsibility for sustainable development, and affirming their aim to encourage enterprises to observe internationally recognised guidelines and principles in this respect, such as the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and the UN Global Compact; DECLARING their readiness to examine the possibility of developing and deepening their economic relations in order to extend them to fields not covered by this Agreement; CONVINCED that this Agreement will enhance the competitiveness of their firms in global markets and create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Partiesthem; HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), ; and the Republic Governments of Botswanathe United Arab Emirates, the Kingdom of LesothoBahrain, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of SwazilandSaudi Arabia, together forming the Southern African Customs Union Sultanate of Oman, the State of Qatar and the State of Kuwait (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACUGCC” or severally as the “the SACU GCC Member States”), ; hereinafter collectively each EFTA State and each GCC Member State being referred to as a “Party” and collectively as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that . RECOGNIZING the EFTA longstanding friendship and strong economic and political ties between the GCC Member States and the SACU States wish EFTA States, in particular the Declaration on Co-operation signed in Brussels on 23 May 2000, and wishing to further strengthen their these links and to establish through the creation of a free trade area, thus establishing close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable developmentrelations; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; DETERMINED to promote and CONVINCED that this Agreement will strengthen the multilateral trading system, as set up through the World Trade Organization (WTO), in a manner conducive to the development of regional and international cooperation, thereby contributing to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade; CONSCIOUS of the dynamic and rapidly changing global environment brought about by globalization and technological progress presenting various economic and strategic challenges and opportunities to the Parties; DETERMINED to develop and strengthen their economic and trade relations through the liberalization and expansion of trade in goods and services in their common interest and for their mutual benefit; RESOLVED to ensure a stable and predictable investment environment; RESOLVED to xxxxxx creativity and innovation by protecting intellectual property rights; AIMING to create conditions encouraging economicnew employment opportunities, improve health and living standards, promote opportunities for transfer of technology, and ensure a large and steadily growing volume of real income in their respective territories through the expansion of trade and investment flows; REAFFIRMING their commitment to economic and social development based on the principles set out in the relevant International Labour Organisation (ILO) Conventions; ACKNOWLEDGING the differences in the development levels and capacities between the Parties; RECOGNIZING the need to enhance the competitive environment in their markets; SEEKING to preserve and protect the environment in accordance with the principle of sustainable development; CONVINCED that the establishment of a free trade area will provide a more favourable climate for the promotion and development of economic and trade relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement following free trade agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of IcelandColombia, the Principality Republic of LiechtensteinChile, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), United Mexican States and the Republic of BotswanaPeru, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively henceforth referred to as “"the Parties”", CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments In development of the SACU States objectives and principals established in the Framework Agreement for the Pacific Alliance, signed in Paranal, Antofagasta, Republic of Chile on 6 June 2012 with a view to: STRENGTHENING the ties of friendship, solidarity and cooperation between their peoples; RATIFYING their desire to further economic build a common space with the purpose of deepening political, economic, social and social cultural integration as well as establishing an effective commitment to joint action in order to improve the wellbeing and living standards of their inhabitants and promote sustainable development for in their people respective territories; STRENGTHENING regional integration to achieve greater growth, development and competitiveness in their economies and advance progressively towards the willingness free circulation of goods, services, capital and people; ESTABLISHING clear and mutually beneficial rules with the objective of stimulating the expansion and diversification of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles trade of goods and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of services between the Parties’ rights and obligations , as well as attracting investment in terms their territories; REAFFIRMING the objective of their membership eliminating obstacles to trade with the goal of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to generating greater dynamism in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization flow of trade of goods and services and investment between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND FACILITATING trade, promoting efficient, transparent and predictable customs procedures for their importers and exporters; AVOIDING disruption in reciprocal trade and promote conditions for fair competition; STIMULATING trade in the Parties’ commitment to ensure innovation sectors of their economies; PROMOTING transparency in the trade of goods and services and investment; RECOGNISING that their mutual arrangements do not impede the this process of integration is based upon economic and commercial treaties and upon integration at a bilateral, regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations multilateral level between the Parties; HAVE AGREEDREAFFIRMING the rights and obligations defined in the Treaty of Marrakech which established the World Trade Organisation, the Treaty of Montevideo of 1980 as well as free trade and integration agreements between the Parties; CONSIDERING the condition of the Members of the Andean Community of Nations the Republic of Colombia and the Republic of Peru and the commitments that concern these States; FURTHERING greater ties with other regions, in pursuit particular Asia Pacific, and DEEPENING cooperation and intensifying the flow of trade in goods and services and investment with other markets; HAVE AGREED to this Additional Protocol to the above, to conclude Framework Agreement for the present Agreement Pacific Alliance (hereinafter henceforth referred to as “this Agreement”):"Additional Protocol") CHAPTER 1: INITIAL PROVISIONS

PREAMBLE. The Republic Government of Iceland, the Principality United States of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway America and the Swiss Confederation, Members Government of the European Free Trade Association (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), and the Republic of BotswanaPanama, resolved to: STRENGTHEN the Kingdom special bonds of Lesotho, friendship and cooperation between them and promote regional economic integration; CONTRIBUTE to the Republic harmonious development and expansion of Namibia, world trade and provide a catalyst to broader international cooperation; CREATE an expanded and secure market for the Republic goods and services produced in their territories while recognizing the differences in their levels of South Africa development and the Kingdom size of Swazilandtheir economies; AVOID distortions to their reciprocal trade; ESTABLISH clear and mutually advantageous rules governing their trade; ENSURE a predictable commercial framework for business planning and investment; AGREE that foreign investors are not hereby accorded greater substantive rights with respect to investment protections than domestic investors under domestic law where, together forming as in the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred United States, protections of investor rights under domestic law equal or exceed those set forth in this Agreement; BUILD on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization and other multilateral and bilateral instruments of cooperation; SEEK to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “facilitate regional trade by promoting efficient and transparent customs procedures that reduce costs and ensure predictability for their importers and exporters; ENHANCE the SACU States”)competitiveness of their firms in global markets; XXXXXX creativity and innovation, hereinafter collectively referred to as “and promote trade in goods and services that are the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States subject of intellectual property rights; PROMOTE transparency and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links eliminate bribery and to establish close corruption in international trade and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operationinvestment; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further CREATE new opportunities for economic and social development for in their people respective territories; PROTECT, enhance, and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Partiesenforce basic workers’ rights and obligations in terms of strengthen their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading systemcooperation on labor matters; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create CREATE new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting territories; BUILD on their respective international commitments on labor matters; IMPLEMENT this Agreement in a manner consistent with environmental protection and conservation, promote sustainable development, and strengthen their cooperation on environmental matters; REAFFIRMING PROTECT and preserve the environment and enhance the means for doing so, including through the conservation of natural resources in their commitment respective territories; PRESERVE their flexibility to safeguard the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rightspublic welfare; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade CONTRIBUTE to hemispheric integration and investment relations between provide an impetus toward establishing the PartiesFree Trade Area of the Americas; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to AGREED as “this Agreement”):follows: Chapter One Initial Provisions

PREAMBLE. The Argentine Republic, The Federative Republic of Brazil, The Republic of IcelandParaguay, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members Oriental Republic of the European Free Trade Association Uruguay (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”"Member States of MERCOSUR") and The The State of Palestine (hereinafter referred to as "Palestine"), and HAVING REGARD to the Treaty establishing the Common Market of the South between the Argentine Republic, the Federative Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of LesothoBrazil, the Republic of Namibia, Paraguay and the Oriental Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union Uruguay (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “"MERCOSUR"); CONSIDERING the SACU States”)Framework Agreement signed by the Palestine Liberation Organization, hereinafter collectively referred to as “on behalf of the Parties”Palestinian National Authority, and by MERCOSUR on December 16, 2010; CONSIDERING that the EFTA importance of the existing economic links between MERCOSUR and its Member States and Palestine, and the SACU States wish common values that they share; DESIROUS to further strengthen their links economic relations and to promote economic cooperation, in particular for the development of trade and investments as well as technological cooperation; DESIROUS to create an expanded and secure market for their goods; WISHING to establish close clear, predictable and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operationrules governing their trade; RECOGNISING WISHING to promote the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their trade with due regard to fair conditions of competition; CONSIDERING the membership of the Members States of MERCOSUR in the World Trade Organisation Organization (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution commitment to comply with the further strengthening rights and obligations arising from the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the WTO, and mindful of Palestine’s wish to comply with the multilateral trading systemWTO rules and principles with a view to constituting a basis for its foreign trade policy; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration RESOLVED TO: ESTABLISH a free trade area between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage two Parties through the liberalization removal of trade between the Partiesbarriers; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment DECLARE their readiness to ensure that explore other possibilities for extending their mutual arrangements do economic relations to other fields not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that covered by this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the PartiesAgreement; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to AGREED as “this Agreement”):follows: CHAPTER I

PREAMBLE. The Republic In accordance with Article 7(7) of Icelandthe ENI Regulation, where it is necessary to implement more effectively measures for the common benefit of the Union and partner countries, in areas such as transnational cooperation, ENI can be pooled together with funding under other relevant Union regulations. In that event, the Principality Commission is to decide which single set of Liechtensteinrules is to apply to implementation. In order to achieve the objective of pooling together ENI with other Union funding the provisions of Regulation (EU) No 1299/20131 ('the ETC Regulation'), of acts adopted thereupon, of Regulation (EU) No 1303/20132 (the Kingdom Common Provisions Regulation, 'CPR') and of Norway and the Swiss Confederationacts adopted thereupon, Members directly applicable to that other Union funding should be taken due account of the European Free Trade Association (for this Financing Agreement. The Programme 'Interreg V-B Danube'; CCI number 2014TC16M6TN001, hereinafter referred to as “'the EFTA States”)Programme', and the Republic of Botswanashall be implemented under shared management. Consequently, Hungary, the Kingdom of LesothoMember State hosting the managing authority, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “'the WTO”Member State', and the Commission shall be responsible for the implementation, the management and control of the Programme. In accordance with Article 3 of the Special Conditions, the provisions of these General Conditions supplement and complete the provisions of the basic acts listed in Article 1(2) of the Special Conditions and of acts adopted on their contribution basis. The programme authorities in the Member State are bound by all provisions of the basic acts, even where these General Conditions may not refer specifically to all its provisions. The authorities and bodies of the ENI partner country shall support the Member State in its responsibilities and cooperate loyally with the single programme authorities, in particular where only the authorities and bodies of the ENI partner country can carry out tasks on its territory. The purpose of these General Conditions is to lay out the rules for implementing the Programme as described in Annex I and to define rights and obligations of the ENI partner country and the Commission respectively in carrying out these tasks. These General Conditions shall apply to the further strengthening obligations of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING ENI partner country related to the special needs and interests Union contribution alone or combined with the national co-financing of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries ENI partner country. Regulation (EU) No 1299/2013 of the European Parliament and that such needs of the Council of 17 December 2013 on specific provisions for the support from the European Regional Development Fund to the European territorial cooperation goal (OJ L 347, 20.12.2013, p. 259). Regulation (EU) No 1303/2013 of the European Parliament and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to the Council of 17 December 2013 laying down common provisions on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund, the Cohesion Fund, the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development and the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund and laying down general provisions on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund, the Cohesion Fund and the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1083/2006 (OJ L 347, 20.12.2013, p. 320). The ENI partner country shall remain responsible for supporting the Programme authorities in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING Member State in the commitment fulfilment of its obligations under the applicable EU law, even if the ENI partner country sub-delegates to other entities identified in the Programme to carry out certain tasks. The Commission, in particular, reserves the right to interrupt payments, and to suspend and/or terminate this Financing Agreement on the basis of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries acts, omissions and/or situations of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):any designated entity.

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and Norway, the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “called the EFTA States”), ) and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union Macedonia (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”called Macedonia), hereinafter collectively referred Recalling their intention to as “participate actively in the Parties”process of economic integration in Europe and expressing their preparedness to co-operate in seeking ways and means to strengthen this process, CONSIDERING that Considering the importance of the links existing between the EFTA States and Macedonia, in particular the SACU States Declaration on Co-operation signed in Vaduz in March 1996, and recognising the common wish to further strengthen their links and to establish these links, thus establishing close and lasting relations relations, Reaffirming the EFTA States’ and Macedonia’s commitment and readiness to support the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Aware of the importance of giving full effect to all the provisions and principles of the CSCE/OSCE process, in particular the Helsinki Final Act and the Charter of Paris for a new Europe, as well as the final document of the Bonn Conference on economic co-operation in Europe, Reaffirming their commitment to pluralistic democracy based on partnership the rule of law, human rights, including rights of persons belonging to minorities, and co- operation; RECOGNISING fundamental freedoms, and recalling the efforts by the governments principles of the SACU States United Nations Charter, Desiring to further create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic co-operation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and social development for their people and international law, Recalling the willingness membership of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution commitment to comply with the rights and obligations arising from the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the WTO, including the principles of most- favoured-nation and of national treatment, and mindful of Macedonia’s objective to become a Member of WTO, Resolved to contribute to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING system and to develop their relations towards free trade in compliance with WTO rules, Considering that no provision of this Agreement may be interpreted as exempting the special needs Parties from their obligations under other international agreements, especially the WTO, Determined to implement this Agreement with the objective to preserve and interests protect the environment and to ensure an optimal use of natural resources in accordance with the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries principle of sustainable development, Firmly convinced that this Agreement will contribute to the creation and that such needs strengthening of an enlarged and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred harmonious free trade area within Europe, thus constituting an important contribution to European integration, Declaring their readiness to examine, in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING light of any relevant factor, the commitment possibility of the Parties developing and deepening their economic relations in order to promote regional co-operation extend them to fields not covered by this Agreement, Convinced that this Agreement provides an appropriate framework for exchange of information and views on economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa developments and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED as well as related matters, Also convinced that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Parties; them, HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “called this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic Contracting Parties to this Agreement, Recognizing the growing importance of Iceland, international investment in the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway world economy and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association (hereinafter referred its contribution to as “the EFTA States”), and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen development in their links and countries; Wishing to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments a well-defined multilateral framework of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern for international trade and investment with a view to the need to apply them in expansion of such investment flows under conditions of transparency, predictability and progressive liberalization and as a transparent means of promoting the economic growth of all Contracting Parties and non- discriminatory mannerthe development of developing countries; TAKING ACCOUNT Desiring the early achievement of progressively higher levels of liberalization of investment flows through successive rounds of multilateral negotiations aimed at promoting the Parties’ interests of all parties and beneficiaries on a mutually advantageous basis and at securing an overall balance of rights and obligations between and among investors and host countries, while giving due respect to national policy objectives; Recognizing the right of Contracting Parties to regulate, and to introduce new regulations, on a non- discriminatory basis, on the manner and flow of investments within their territories in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred order to as “the WTO”) and their contribution meet national policy objectives and, given asymmetries existing with respect to the further strengthening degree of development and market regulation in different countries, the multilateral trading systemparticular need of developing countries to exercise this right; RECOGNISING ∗ Source: Consumer Unity & Trust Society (CUTS), Centre for International Trade, Economics and Environment (1998). "International Agreement on Investment" (1st draft prepared and presented in June 1998), Multilateralisation of Sovereignty--Proposals for Multilateral Frameworks for Investment, Annex (Jaipur, India: CUTS), pp. 85-119. [Note added by the special needs editor.] Recognizing that investment, as an engine of economic growth, has a vital role in ensuring sustainable economic growth and development, when accompanied by appropriate policies at the domestic and international levels governing the interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries environment, consumers, labour, citizens and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agendaculture; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING Renewing their commitment to the international covenants and principles enunciated at several international events, such as the Agenda 21 adopted at the Earth Summit, the Copenhagen Declaration of World Summit on Social Development, Bejing Declaration at the Womens' Summit etc. and objectives set out in to observance of the UN Charter on Human Rights and Covenants on Social, Economic and Political Rights, the Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multilateral Enterprises and Social Policy, the UN Guidelines on Consumer Protection etc.; Reiterating their support for the United Nations Charter Guidelines for Transnational Investment, as fundamental principles of behaviour of firms and the Universal Declaration of Human Rightscontracting parties between and among each other; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will Affirming their decision to create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit a free-standing independent agreement operating under an independent secretariat of the above, to conclude the present International Agreement (hereinafter referred to on Investment; Hereby agree as “this Agreement”):follows:

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and Norway, the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “called the EFTA States”), ) and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union Macedonia (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”called Macedonia), hereinafter collectively referred Recalling their intention to as “participate actively in the Parties”process of economic integration in Europe and expressing their preparedness to co-operate in seeking ways and means to strengthen this process, CONSIDERING that Considering the importance of the links existing between the EFTA States and Macedonia, in particular the SACU States Declaration on Co-operation signed in Vaduz in March 1996, and recognising the common wish to further strengthen their links and to establish these links, thus establishing close and lasting relations relations, Reaffirming the EFTA States’ and Macedonia’s commitment and readiness to support the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Aware of the importance of giving full effect to all the provisions and principles of the CSCE/OSCE process, in particular the Helsinki Final Act and the Charter of Paris for a new Europe, as well as the final document of the Bonn Conference on economic co-operation in Europe, Reaffirming their commitment to pluralistic democracy based on partnership the rule of law, human rights, including rights of persons belonging to minorities, and co- operation; RECOGNISING fundamental freedoms, and recalling the efforts by the governments principles of the SACU States United Nations Charter, Desiring to further create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic co-operation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and social development for their people and international law, Recalling the willingness membership of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution commitment to comply with the rights and obligations arising from the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the WTO, including the principles of most- favoured-nation and of national treatment, and mindful of Macedonia’s objective to become a Member of WTO, Resolved to contribute to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING system and to develop their relations towards free trade in compliance with WTO rules, Considering that no provision of this Agreement may be interpreted as exempting the special needs Parties from their obligations under other international agreements, especially the WTO, Determined to implement this Agreement with the objective to preserve and interests protect the environment and to ensure an optimal use of natural resources in accordance with the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries principle of sustainable development, Xxxxxx convinced that this Agreement will contribute to the creation and that such needs strengthening of an enlarged and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred harmonious free trade area within Europe, thus constituting an important contribution to European integration, Declaring their readiness to examine, in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING light of any relevant factor, the commitment possibility of the Parties developing and deepening their economic relations in order to promote regional co-operation extend them to fields not covered by this Agreement, Convinced that this Agreement provides an appropriate framework for exchange of information and views on economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa developments and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED as well as related matters, Also convinced that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Parties; them, HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “called this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Government of the Republic of IcelandCosta Rica, the Principality Government of Liechtensteinthe Dominican Republic, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members Government of the European Free Trade Association (hereinafter referred to as “Republic of El Salvador, the EFTA States”)Government of the Republic of Guatemala, the Government of the Republic of Honduras, the Government of the Republic of Nicaragua, and the Republic Government of Botswanathe United States of America, resolved to: STRENGTHEN the Kingdom special bonds of Lesotho, friendship and cooperation among their nations and promote regional economic integration; CONTRIBUTE to the Republic harmonious development and expansion of Namibia, world trade and provide a catalyst to broader international cooperation; CREATE an expanded and secure market for the Republic goods and services produced in their territories while recognizing the differences in their levels of South Africa development and the Kingdom size of Swazilandtheir economies; AVOID distortions to their reciprocal trade; ESTABLISH clear and mutually advantageous rules governing their trade; ENSURE a predictable commercial framework for business planning and investment; BUILD on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization and other multilateral and bilateral instruments of cooperation; SEEK to facilitate regional trade by promoting efficient and transparent customs procedures that reduce costs and ensure predictability for their importers and exporters; ENHANCE the competitiveness of their firms in global markets; XXXXXX creativity and innovation, together forming and promote trade in goods and services that are the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States subject of intellectual property rights; PROMOTE transparency and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links eliminate bribery and to establish close corruption in international trade and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operationinvestment; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further CREATE new opportunities for economic and social development for their people in the region; PROTECT, enhance, and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Partiesenforce basic workers’ rights and obligations in terms of strengthen their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading systemcooperation on labor matters; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create CREATE new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting territories; BUILD on their respective international commitments on labor matters; IMPLEMENT this Agreement in a manner consistent with environmental protection and conservation, promote sustainable development, and strengthen their cooperation on environmental matters; REAFFIRMING PROTECT and preserve the environment and enhance the means for doing so, including through the conservation of natural resources in their commitment respective territories; PRESERVE their flexibility to safeguard the principles public welfare; RECOGNIZE the interest of the Central American Parties in strengthening and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rightsdeepening their regional economic integration; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade CONTRIBUTE to hemispheric integration and investment relations between provide an impetus toward establishing the PartiesFree Trade Area of the Americas; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to AGREED as “this Agreement”):follows: Chapter One Initial Provisions

PREAMBLE. The Republic XXXXXXXX to develop and strengthen friendly relations, especially in the fields of Icelandtrade and economic cooperation, with the Principality aim to contribute to the development of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), and economic cooperation between the Republic of BotswanaAlbania and Kosovo, and to increase the Kingdom scope of Lesothomutual trade exchange, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA AND THE UNITED NATIONS INTERIM ADMINISTRATION MISSION IN KOSOVO (UNMIK) ON BEHALF OF THE PROVISIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT IN KOSOVO (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “called "the SACU States”Contracting Parties"), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles of market economy, which constitutes the basis for their relations, CONSIDERING their common desire to participate actively in the process of international economic integration, EXPRESSING their readiness to co-operate in finding the means and objectives set ways for strengthening of this process, CONSIDERING the rights and obligations, arising out of the Stabilisation and Association process between the European Community and the Contracting Parties, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) of 10 June 1999, authorizing the Secretary-General to establish an international civil presence in Kosovo, known as the United Nations Charter Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), and the Universal Declaration authority of Human Rights; the Special Representative of the Secretary General (SRSG) derived from this Resolution, RESOLVED to this and CONVINCED to eliminate progressively the obstacles to substantially all their mutual trade in accordance with the provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT 1994) and the Marrakesh Agreement, establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO), DECLARING their readiness to undertake activities with a view of promoting harmonious development of their trade, as well as of expanding and diversifying their mutual co-operation in the fields of joint interest, including fields, not covered by this Agreement, thus creating a framework and supportive environment, based on equality, non-discrimination, and balance of rights and obligations, FIRMLY decided that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economicpromote the intensification of mutually beneficial trade between them and will bring to the process of integration in Europe, trade CONSIDERING that no provision of this Agreement may be interpreted as exempting the Parties from their obligations under other international agreements, especially the General Agreement on Tariffs and investment relations between Trade 1994 and the Parties; Marrakesh Agreement, establishing the World Trade Organization, HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit pursuance of the abovethese objectives, to conclude the present following Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “"this Agreement”"):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss ConfederationConfederation (hereinafter referred to as the “EFTA States”), Members and The Republic of Indonesia, hereinafter each individually referred to as a “Party” or collectively as the European Free Trade Association “Parties”, RECOGNISING the common wish to strengthen the links between the EFTA States and Indonesia by establishing this Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA StatesAgreement”), and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations ) based on partnership the principles of sovereign equality, mutual respect, constructive spirit and co- operationcommon benefit; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING ACKNOWLEDGING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles of cooperation and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of capacity building, based on the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms capabilities, with a view to promoting the implementation of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable developmentthis Agreement; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, including democracy, the rule of law, human rights and fundamental freedoms; RECOGNISING that economic development, social development, and environmental protection are interdependent and mutually supportive components of sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to support and promote the development objectives of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including the objective to eradicate poverty in all its forms and dimensions, and the need for holistic and integrated approaches to achieve economic growth, social development and environmental sustainability, at national, regional and global levels, and recalling in this context their rights and obligations under applicable environmental agreements and those deriving from membership of the International Labour Organisation (hereinafter referred to as the “ILO”); DETERMINED to implement this Agreement in line with the objective to preserve and protect the environment through sound environmental management and to promote an optimal use of the world’s natural resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development; AIMING at creating new employment opportunities, improving living standards and raising levels of protection of health and safety and of the environment; DESIRING to create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic cooperation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and international law; RECOGNISING the importance of trade facilitation in promoting efficient and transparent procedures to reduce costs and to ensure predictability for the trading communities of the Parties; DETERMINED to promote and further strengthen the multilateral trading system, building on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as the “WTO Agreement”) and the other agreements concluded thereunder, thereby contributing to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade; AFFIRMING their commitment to prevent and combat corruption in international trade and investment and to promote the principles of transparency and good public governance; ACKNOWLEDGING the importance of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness; ACKNOWLEDGING the importance of good corporate governance and corporate social responsibility for sustainable development, and affirming their aim to encourage enterprises to observe internationally recognised guidelines and principles in this respect, such as the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and the UN Global Compact; CONVINCED that this Agreement Agreement, along with the cooperation and capacity building projects undertaken in conjunction with it, will enhance the competitiveness of their enterprises, including small and medium enterprises in global markets and create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between them; DETERMINED to establish a legal framework for a comprehensive economic partnership between the Parties; HAVE AGREEDXXXXXX AGREE, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):: CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

PREAMBLE. The Government of the People's Republic of Iceland, the Principality of LiechtensteinBangladesh, the Kingdom of Norway Bhutan, the Republic of India, the Republic of Maldives, the Kingdom of Nepal, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Swiss Confederation, Members Democratic Socialist Republic of the European Free Trade Association (Sri Lanka hereinafter referred to as “"Contracting States", Motivated by the EFTA commitment to promote regional cooperation for the benefit of their peoples, in a spirit of mutual accommodation, with full respect for the principles of sovereign equality, independence and territorial integrity of all States”), and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING ; Aware that the EFTA States expansion of trade could act as a powerful stimulus to the development of their national economies, by expanding investment and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links production, thus providing greater opportunities of employment and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development help securing higher living standards for their people and the willingness population; Convinced of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them establish and promote regional preferential trading arrangement for strengthening intraregional economic cooperation and the development of national economies; Bearing in mind the urgent need to promote the intraregional trade which presently constitutes a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT negligible share in the total volume of the Parties’ rights and obligations South Asian trade; Recalling the direction given at the Fourth SAARC Summit meeting held in terms of their membership of Islamabad in December 1988 that specific areas be identified where economic cooperation might be feasible immediately; Guided by the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the declared commitment of the Parties Heads of State or Government of the Member Countries at the Sixth SAARC Summit held in Colombo in December 1991 to promote regional co-operation the liberalisation of trade in the region through a step by step approach in such a manner that countries in the region share the benefits of trade expansion equitably; Cognizant of the mandate given by the Sixth SAARC Summit in Colombo to formulate and seek agreement on an institutional framework under which specific measures for trade liberalisation among SAARC Member States could be furthered and to examine the Sri Lankan proposal to establish the SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) by 1997; Recognising that a preferential trading arrangement is the first step towards higher levels of trade and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out cooperation in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economicregion, trade and investment relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to Have agreed as “this Agreement”):follows:

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and Norway, the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “called the EFTA States”), ) and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union Latvia (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”called Latvia), hereinafter collectively referred Recalling their intention to as “participate actively in the Parties”process of economic integration in Europe and expressing their preparedness to co-operate in seeking ways and means to strengthen this process, CONSIDERING that Considering the importance of the links existing between the EFTA States and Latvia, in particular the SACU States Declaration signed in Geneva in December 1991, and recognizing the common wish to further strengthen their links and to establish these links, thus establishing close and lasting relations relations, Recalling their firm commitment to the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Charter of Paris for a new Europe, and in particular the principles contained in the final document of the CSCE Bonn Conference on Economic Co-operation in Europe, Reaffirming their commitment to pluralistic democracy based on partnership the rule of law, human rights, including rights of persons belonging to minorities, and co- operation; RECOGNISING fundamental freedoms, and recalling their membership in the efforts by Council of Europe, 1The Annexes, Lists and Protocols thereto, as well as the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties bilateral agricultural arrangements, have been submitted to the principles Secretariat for consultations by interested Members (Office 3006). Desiring to create favourable conditions for the development and rules which govern diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic co-operation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, most-favoured-nation treatment and international trade and law, Resolved to contribute to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING system and to develop their relations in the special needs and interests field of trade in accordance with the principles of the SACU Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO), Latvia having the objective to become a Member of WTO, Considering that no provision of this Agreement may be interpreted as exempting the States as developing or least-developed countries Parties to this Agreement from their obligations under other international agreements, especially WTO, Determined to implement this Free Trade Agreement with the objective to preserve and protect the environment and to ensure an optimal use of natural resources in accordance with the principle of sustainable growth, Xxxxxx convinced that such needs this Free Trade Agreement will xxxxxx the creation of an enlarged and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred harmonious free trade area within Europe, thus constituting an important contribution to European integration, Declaring their readiness to examine, in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING light of any relevant factor, the commitment possibility of the Parties developing and deepening their economic relations in order to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and extend them to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do fields not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that covered by this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economicAgreement, trade and investment relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “called this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members on the one hand, (hereinafter called the EFTA States) and the Republic of Turkey, on the other hand, (hereinafter called Turkey), Recalling their intention to participate actively in the process of economic integration in Europe and expressing their preparedness to co-operate in seeking ways and means to strengthen this process; Having regard to the Convention establishing the European Free Trade Association (hereinafter referred EFTA); Having regard to as “the EFTA States”), and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that Agreements between the EFTA States and the SACU European Communities; Having regard to the Agreement creating an Association between Turkey and the European Economic Community; Having regard to the experience gained from the co-operation developed in the light of the aforementioned relations as well as between individual EFTA States wish and Turkey; Declaring their willingness to further strengthen take action with a view to promoting harmonious development of their links trade as well as to expanding and to establish close diversifying their mutual cooperation in fields of common interest, including fields not covered by this Agreement, thus creating a framework and lasting relations supportive environment based on partnership equality, nondiscrimination, and co- operationa balance of rights and obligations; RECOGNISING Recalling the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness mutual interest of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING and Turkey in the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening continual reinforcement of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs system and interests considering their capacity as Contracting Parties of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries General Agreement on Tariffs and that such needs Trade, the provisions and interests be taken care instruments of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred which constitute a basis for their foreign trade policy; Resolved to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment lay down for this purpose provisions aimed at a progressive abolition of the Parties obstacles to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on and Turkey in accordance with the one hand and provisions of that Agreement, in particular those concerning the SACU States on the otherestablishment of free trade areas; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration Considering that no provision of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between may be interpreted as exempting the PartiesStates Parties to this Agreement from their obligations under other international agreements; HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit pursuance of the abovethese objectives, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this following Agreement”)::

PREAMBLE. The Government of the People’s Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association China (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA StatesChina”), on one part, and the Government of the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union Serbia (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU StatesSerbia”), on the other part, hereinafter individually referred to as a “Party” or collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that ; RECALLING the EFTA States Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the SACU States wish Government of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia signed in 1996 with the objective of strengthening cooperation and developing trade and economic relation; COMMITTED to further strengthen their links and to establish deepening close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING through the efforts by the governments of the SACU States free trade agreement with a view to further bring economic and social development benefits, to create new opportunities for employment and to improve the living standards of their people peoples; REAFFIRMING their commitment to carry out comprehensive cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative and jointly forging a community of shared future; REAFFIRMING their commitment to pursue the objective of sustainable development; COMMITTED to the promotion of prosperity, democracy, social progress and to uphold freedom, equality, justice and the willingness rule of law, reaffirming their commitment to the Charter of the EFTA States United Nations and fundamental norms of international relations; DETERMINED to support this process; RECALLING promote and further strengthen the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ multilateral trading system, building on their respective rights and obligations in terms of their membership of under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation Organization (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening ); CONSIDERING that no provision of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States this Agreement may be interpreted as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of exempting the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between from their obligations under other international agreements, especially the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage Marrakesh Agreement establishing the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand WTO and the SACU States on other agreements negotiated thereunder; DECLARING their readiness to examine the otherpossibility of developing and deepening their economic relations in order to extend them to fields not covered by this Agreement; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will enhance the competitiveness of their firms in global markets and create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Partiesthem; HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this following Agreement”):: CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS‌

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “"Parties"), CONSIDERING that Ministers agreed in the Tokyo Declaration of 14 September 1973 that comprehensive Multilateral Trade Negotiations in the framework of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (hereinafter referred to as "General Agreement" or "GATT") should aim inter alia, to reduce or eliminate non-tariff measures or, where this Agreement”):is not appropriate, their trade restricting or distorting effects, and to bring such measures under more effective international discipline; CONSIDERING that Ministers also agreed that negotiations should aim to secure additional benefits for the international trade of developing countries, and recognized the importance of the application of differential measures in ways which will provide special and more favourable treatment for them where this is feasible and appropriate; RECOGNIZING that in order to achieve their economic and social objectives to implement programmes and policies of economic development aimed at raising the standard of living of their people, taking into account their balance-of-payments position, developing countries may need to adopt agreed differential measures; CONSIDERING that Ministers in the Tokyo Declaration recognized that the particular situation and problems of the least developed among the developing countries shall be given special attention and stressed the need to ensure that these countries receive special treatment in the context of any general or specific measures taken in favour of the developing countries during the negotiations; RECOGNIZING the need to establish an agreed international framework of rights and obligations with respect to laws, regulations, procedures and practices regarding government procurement with a view to achieving greater liberalization and expansion of world trade and improving the international framework for the conduct of world trade; RECOGNIZING that laws, regulations, procedures and practices regarding government procurement should not be prepared, adopted or applied to foreign or domestic products and to foreign or domestic suppliers so as to afford protection to domestic products or suppliers and should not discriminate among foreign products or suppliers; RECOGNIZING that it is desirable to provide transparency of laws, regulations, procedures and practices regarding government procurement; RECOGNIZING the need to establish international procedures on notification, consultation, surveillance and dispute settlement with a view to ensuring a fair, prompt and effective enforcement of the international provisions on government procurement and to maintain the balance of rights and obligations at the highest possible level; HEREBY AGREE as follows:

PREAMBLE. The Republic Government of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), and the Republic of BotswanaBenin, the Kingdom The Government of LesothoBurkina Faso, The Government of the Republic of NamibiaCôte d'ivoire, The Government of the Republic of South Africa Mali, The Government of the Republic of the Niger, The Government of the Republic of Senegal The Government of the Republic of Togo, Consistent with the objectives of the African Economic Community and the Kingdom Economic Community of Swaziland, together forming the Southern West African Customs Union States (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”ECOWAS), hereinafter collectively referred to as “Aware of their mutual benefit from membership in the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States same monetary union and the SACU States wish need to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments cohesion thereof, Convinced of the SACU States need to further extend the economic solidarity between them already monetary policies, Affirming the need to promote economic and social development for of Member States through the harmonisation of their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade laws and to harmonize their domestic markets and implementation of joint sectoral policies in key sectors of their economies, Recognizing the interdependence of their economic policies and the need to apply them ensure their convergence, Determined to comply with the principle of an open, competitive market economy and promote the optimal allocation of resources; Desiring to complement to this effect the African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) by new transfers of sovereignty and convert the union in Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) with a transparent new, Affirming the need to enhance the mutual supportiveness of their production systems and non- discriminatory mannerreducing levels of development disparities among the Member States; TAKING ACCOUNT These agreements have been communicated to the Secretariat where they may be consulted by interested members 3006 (office). Stressing that is in line with the efforts of regional integration in Africa, and calling on other West African States that share their objectives to join efforts, Hereby agree as follows: Preliminary title: definitions Article premier. For the purposes of this Treaty, the following definitions shall apply: WAEMU: the West African Economic and Monetary Union, which is the subject of the Parties’ rights present Treaty Union: the West African Economic and obligations in terms of their membership Monetary Union, which is the subject of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter present Treaty: the UEMOA West African Monetary Union referred to as “in article 2 of this treaty bodies: the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening organs of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments Union as referred to in article I6 of this Treaty Conference: the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment Conference of Heads of State and Government of the Parties to promote regional co-operation African Union provided for in article 17 of the present Treaty Council: the Council of Ministers of the Union as provided for in article 20 of this Treaty Commission: the Commission of the African Union laid down in article 26 of this Treaty Parliamentary Committee means the committee set up by article 35 of this Treaty Parliament: the Union Parliament under article 37 of this Treaty Court OF JUSTICE: the Court of Justice of the European Union established by article 38 of this Treaty and economic integration between governed by section I of Protocol No I Court of Auditors: the countries Court of Southern Africa Auditors of the union established by article 38 of this Treaty and Europe and to encourage governed by the liberalization of trade between Additional Protocol I autonomous specialized agencies: the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand Central Bank and the SACU BOAD BCEAO: the Central Bank of West African States on referred to in article 41 of this Treaty BOAD: the other; DESIRING West African Development Bank referred to create new employment opportunities in article 41 of this Treaty Union Treaty: the present Treaty I Protocol No 2: the Protocol provided for in article 38 of this Treaty Protocol No. it: the Protocol provided for in Article 101 of this Treaty Additional note: the act referred to in article 19 of this Treaty Regulation: the act referred to in article 43 of this Treaty decision: the act referred to in article 43 of this Treaty Directive: the act referred to in article 43 of this Treaty recommendation: the act referred to in article 43 of this Treaty opinion: the act referred to in article 43 of this Treaty The Common Market: unified market established between Member States, referred to in articles 4 and 76 of the present Treaty Common policies: joint economic policies provided for in articles 62 to improve working conditions 100 of this Treaty Sectoral policies: sectoral policies in accordance with Article 101 of this Treaty and living standards governed by the Protocol II Multilateral surveillance mechanism community: the definition and monitoring of economic policies among member States, as provided for in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment article 63 and covered by articles 64-75 of this Treaty Right of establishment shall mean the right referred to in article 92 of this Treaty Member State: the State party to this Treaty as provided for in its preamble Associate Member means any State eligible to participate in certain policies of the union in accordance with the provisions of article 104 of this Treaty Third State: any State other than a Member State Page 4 "of the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):Union

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as the “the EFTA States”), on the one hand, and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, Costa Rica and the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation Panama (hereinafter referred to as the “Central American States”), on the WTOother, hereinafter each individually referred to as a “Party” or collectively as the “Parties”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; , RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of common wish to strengthen the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration links between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand part and the SACU Central American States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities other by establishing close and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable developmentlasting relations; REAFFIRMING their commitment to democracy, the principles rule of law, human rights and objectives fundamental freedoms in accordance with their obligations under international law, including as set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; REAFFIRMING their commitment to pursue the objective of sustainable development and recognising the importance of coherence and mutual supportiveness of trade, environment and labour policies in this respect; RECALLING their rights and obligations under multilateral environmental agreements to which they are party, and the respect for the fundamental principles and rights at work, including the principles set out in the International Labour Organisation (hereinafter referred to as the “ILO”) Conventions to which they are party; AIMING to create new employment opportunities, improve living standards along with high levels of protection of health and safety and of the environment; DESIRING to create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic cooperation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and international law; RECOGNISING the importance of trade facilitation in promoting efficient and transparent procedures to reduce costs and to ensure predictability for the trading communities of the Parties; DETERMINED to promote and further strengthen the multilateral trading system, building on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as the “WTO Agreement”) and the other agreements negotiated thereunder, thereby contributing to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade; DETERMINED to implement this Agreement in line with the objectives to preserve and protect the environment through sound environmental management and to promote an optimal use of the world’s resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development; AFFIRMING their commitment to prevent and combat corruption in international trade and investment and to promote the principles of transparency and good public governance; ACKNOWLEDGING the importance of good corporate governance and corporate social responsibility for sustainable development, and affirming their aim to encourage enterprises to observe internationally recognised guidelines and principles in this respect, established by organisations such as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations (UN); CONVINCED that this Agreement will enhance the competitiveness of their firms in global markets and create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Partiesthem; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and Norway, the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “called the EFTA States”), ) and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union Macedonia (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”called Macedonia), hereinafter collectively referred Recalling their intention to as “participate actively in the Parties”process of economic integration in Europe and expressing their preparedness to co-operate in seeking ways and means to strengthen this process, CONSIDERING that Considering the importance of the links existing between the EFTA States and Macedonia, in particular the SACU States Declaration on Co-operation signed in Vaduz in March 1996, and recognising the common wish to further strengthen their links and to establish these links, thus establishing close and lasting relations relations, Reaffirming the EFTA States’ and Macedonia’s commitment and readiness to support the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Aware of the importance of giving full effect to all the provisions and principles of the CSCE/OSCE process, in particular the Helsinki Final Act and the Charter of Paris for a new Europe, as well as the final document of the Bonn Conference on economic co- operation in Europe, Reaffirming their commitment to pluralistic democracy based on partnership the rule of law, human rights, including rights of persons belonging to minorities, and co- operation; RECOGNISING fundamental freedoms, and recalling the efforts by the governments principles of the SACU States United Nations Charter, Desiring to further create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic co-operation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and social development for their people and international law, Recalling the willingness membership of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution commitment to comply with the rights and obligations arising from the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the WTO, including the principles of most-favoured-nation and of national treatment, and mindful of Macedonia’s objective to become a Member of WTO, Resolved to contribute to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING system and to develop their relations towards free trade in compliance with WTO rules, Considering that no provision of this Agreement may be interpreted as exempting the special needs Parties from their obligations under other international agreements, especially the WTO, Determined to implement this Agreement with the objective to preserve and interests protect the environment and to ensure an optimal use of natural resources in accordance with the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries principle of sustainable development, Xxxxxx convinced that this Agreement will contribute to the creation and that such needs strengthening of an enlarged and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred harmonious free trade area within Europe, thus constituting an important contribution to European integration, Declaring their readiness to examine, in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING light of any relevant factor, the commitment possibility of the Parties developing and deepening their economic relations in order to promote regional co-operation extend them to fields not covered by this Agreement, Convinced that this Agreement provides an appropriate framework for exchange of information and views on economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa developments and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED as well as related matters, Also convinced that this Agreement will create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Parties; them, HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “called this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and Norway, the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), ) and the Republic PLO for the benefit of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union Palestinian Authority (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”Palestinian Authority), hereinafter collectively referred to as “Considering the Parties”, CONSIDERING that importance of the links existing between the EFTA States and the SACU States Palestinian Authority, in particular the Declaration signed in Geneva in December 1996, and recognising the common wish to further strengthen their links and to establish these links, thus establishing close and lasting relations relations, Recalling their intention to participate actively in the process of economic integration in the Euro-Mediterranean region, and expressing their preparedness to co-operate in seeking ways and means to strengthen this process, Reaffirming their commitment to pluralistic democracy based on partnership the rule of law, human rights, including rights of persons belonging to minorities, and co- operation; RECOGNISING fundamental freedoms, and recalling the efforts by the governments principles of the SACU States United Nations Charter, Considering the importance of the Middle East peace process leading to further economic a permanent settlement based on Security Council Resolutions 242 and social development for their people 338, Considering the rights and obligations under the international agreements which they have signed and the willingness importance of the Oslo agreements, Desiring to create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic co-operation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and international law, Recalling the membership of the EFTA States in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and their commitment to support this process; RECALLING comply with the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms arising from the Agreement establishing 1The Annexes and Protocols thereto have been submitted to the Secretariat for consultation by interested Members (Office 3006). the WTO, including the principles of their membership most-favoured-nation and of national treatment, and also recalling the objective of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “Palestinian Authority of becoming a Member of the WTO”) and their contribution , Resolved to contribute to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs system and interests to develop their relations towards free trade in compliance with WTO rules, Considering that no provision of the SACU States this Agreement may be interpreted as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of exempting the Parties to promote regional cothis Agreement from their obligations under other international agreements, Determined to implement this Agreement with the objective to preserve and protect the environment and to ensure an optimal use of natural resources in accordance with the principle of sustainable development, Xxxxxx convinced that this Agreement will contribute to the creation of an enlarged and harmonious free-operation trade area between European and Mediterranean partners, thus constituting an important contribution to Euro-Mediterranean integration, Considering the difference in economic integration and social development existing between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand Parties and the SACU States on need to intensify existing efforts to promote economic and social development in the other; DESIRING West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Declaring their readiness to create new employment opportunities examine the possibility of developing and deepening their economic relations in order to improve working conditions and living standards extend them to fields not covered by this Agreement, in accordance with their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles powers, Convinced that this Agreement provides an appropriate framework for exchange of information and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter views on economic developments and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED trade as well as related matters, Convinced that this Agreement will create favourable conditions encouraging economic, trade to strengthen both bilateral and investment multilateral relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREEDParties in the economic field, in particular concerning trade and investment, Recognising that this Agreement and its implementation should be reviewed in light of further developments in international economic relations and the Middle East peace process. Have decided, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following interim Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “called this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss ConfederationConfederation (hereinafter referred to as the “EFTA States”), Members and The Republic of Indonesia, hereinafter each individually referred to as a “Party” or collectively as the European Free Trade Association “Parties”, RECOGNISING the common wish to strengthen the links between the EFTA States and Indonesia by establishing this Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA StatesAgreement”), and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations ) based on partnership the principles of sovereign equality, mutual respect, constructive spirit and co- operationcommon benefit; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING ACKNOWLEDGING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles of cooperation and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of capacity building, based on the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms capabilities, with a view to promoting the implementation of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand and the SACU States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable developmentthis Agreement; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, including democracy, the rule of law, human rights and fundamental freedoms; RECOGNISING that economic development, social development, and environmental protection are interdependent and mutually supportive components of sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to support and promote the development objectives of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including the objective to eradicate poverty in all its forms and dimensions, and the need for holistic and integrated approaches to achieve economic growth, social development and environmental sustainability, at national, regional and global levels, and recalling in this context their rights and obligations under applicable environmental agreements and those deriving from membership of the International Labour Organisation (hereinafter referred to as the “ILO”); DETERMINED to implement this Agreement in line with the objective to preserve and protect the environment through sound environmental management and to promote an optimal use of the world’s natural resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development; AIMING at creating new employment opportunities, improving living standards and raising levels of protection of health and safety and of the environment; DESIRING to create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic cooperation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and international law; RECOGNISING the importance of trade facilitation in promoting efficient and transparent procedures to reduce costs and to ensure predictability for the trading communities of the Parties; DETERMINED to promote and further strengthen the multilateral trading system, building on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as the “WTO Agreement”) and the other agreements concluded thereunder, thereby contributing to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade; AFFIRMING their commitment to prevent and combat corruption in international trade and investment and to promote the principles of transparency and good public governance; ACKNOWLEDGING the importance of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness; ACKNOWLEDGING the importance of good corporate governance and corporate social responsibility for sustainable development, and affirming their aim to encourage enterprises to observe internationally recognised guidelines and principles in this respect, such as the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and the UN Global Compact; CONVINCED that this Agreement Agreement, along with the cooperation and capacity building projects undertaken in conjunction with it, will enhance the competitiveness of their enterprises, including small and medium enterprises in global markets and create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between them; DETERMINED to establish a legal framework for a comprehensive economic partnership between the Parties; HAVE AGREEDHEREBY AGREE, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):: CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway Norway, and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as the “the EFTA States”), on the one part, and Montenegro, on the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”)other, hereinafter collectively individually referred to as a “Party” or collectively as the “Parties”, CONSIDERING that : RECOGNISING the EFTA States and the SACU States common wish to further strengthen their the links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand part and the SACU States Montenegro on the otherother by establishing close and lasting relations; DESIRING RECALLING their intention to create new employment opportunities participate actively in the process of Euro-Mediterranean economic integration and expressing their preparedness to improve working conditions cooperate in seeking ways and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable developmentmeans to strengthen this process; REAFFIRMING their commitment to democracy, the principles rule of law, human rights and objectives fundamental freedoms in accordance with their obligations under international law, including as set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; DESIRING to create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic cooperation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and international law; DETERMINED to promote and further strengthen the multilateral trading system, building on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as the “WTO Agreement”) and the other agreements negotiated thereunder, thereby contributing to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade; REAFFIRMING their commitment to pursue the objective of sustainable development and recognising the importance of coherence and mutual supportiveness of trade, environment and labour policies in this respect; RECALLING their rights and obligations under multilateral environmental agreements to which they are party, and the respect for the fundamental principles and rights at work, including the principles set out in the relevant International Labour Organisation (hereinafter referred to as the “ILO”) Conventions to which they are party; AIMING to create new employment opportunities and to improve living standards, along with high levels of protection of health and safety and of the environment; DETERMINED to implement this Agreement in line with the objective to preserve and protect the environment through sound environmental management and to promote an optimal use of the world’s resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development; AFFIRMING their commitment to prevent and combat corruption in international trade and investment, and to promote the principles of transparency and good public governance; ACKNOWLEDGING the importance of good corporate governance and corporate social responsibility for sustainable development, and affirming their aim to encourage enterprises to observe internationally recognised guidelines and principles in this respect, such as the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and the UN Global Compact; DECLARING their readiness to examine the possibility of developing and deepening their economic relations in order to extend them to fields not covered by this Agreement; CONVINCED that this Agreement will enhance the competitiveness of their firms in global markets and create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Partiesthem; HAVE AGREEDDECIDED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic Governments of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), and the Republic Government of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation India (hereinafter referred to as “India”), hereinafter each individually referred to as a “Party” or collectively as the WTO“Parties”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; , RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of common intention to strengthen the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration links between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand part and the SACU States India on the otherother by establishing close and lasting relations; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities and to improve working conditions and living standards in RECALLING their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles rights and objectives obligations under international law, including those set out in the United Nations UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; REAFFIRMING their commitment to pursue the objective of sustainable development, whose pillars economic development, social development and environmental protection are mutually supportive, interdependent and essential requirements of sustainable development; DESIRING to create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic cooperation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, and non-discrimination; CONVINCED that this Agreement will enhance the competitiveness of their people and enterprises in global markets and create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between them; DETERMINED to promote and further strengthen the multilateral trading system, building on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization done at Marrakesh on 15 April 1994 (hereinafter referred to as the “WTO Agreement”) and the other agreements negotiated thereunder to which all Parties are parties, thereby contributing to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade; RECOGNISING the importance of trade facilitation in promoting efficient and transparent procedures to reduce costs and to ensure predictability for the trading communities of the Parties; HAVE AGREED, DETERMINED to implement this Agreement in pursuit furtherance of the aboveobjectives to preserve and protect the environment through sound environmental management and to promote an optimal use of the world’s resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development; RECOGNISING that this Agreement would contribute towards alleviating poverty, create new employment opportunities, improve living standards, and ensure a large and steadily growing real income in their respective territories through the expansion of trade and investment flows, while allowing for the optimal use of the world's resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development; AFFIRMING their commitment to promote the principle of transparency; ACKNOWLEDGING the importance of good corporate governance and corporate social responsibility, and affirming their commitment to encourage their enterprises to observe the same; REAFFIRMING the rights of their Governments to regulate and set their sustainable development policies and priorities; HAVE AGREED to conclude the present following Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and Norway, the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), ) and the Republic PLO for the benefit of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union Palestinian Authority (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”Palestinian Authority), hereinafter collectively referred to as “Considering the Parties”, CONSIDERING that importance of the links existing between the EFTA States and the SACU States Palestinian Authority, in particular the Declaration signed in Geneva in December 1996, and recognising the common wish to further strengthen their links and to establish these links, thus establishing close and lasting relations relations, Recalling their intention to participate actively in the process of economic integration in the Euro- Mediterranean region, and expressing their preparedness to co-operate in seeking ways and means to strengthen this process, Reaffirming their commitment to pluralistic democracy based on partnership the rule of law, human rights, including rights of persons belonging to minorities, and co- operation; RECOGNISING fundamental freedoms, and recalling the efforts by the governments principles of the SACU States United Nations Charter, Considering the importance of the Middle East peace process leading to further economic a permanent settlement based on Security Council Resolutions 242 and social development for their people 338, Considering the rights and obligations under the international agreements which they have signed and the willingness importance of the Oslo agreements, Desiring to create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic co-operation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and international law, Recalling the membership of the EFTA States in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and their commitment to support this process; RECALLING comply with the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms arising from the Agreement establishing the WTO, including the principles of their membership most-favoured-nation and of national treatment, and also recalling the objective of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “Palestinian Authority of becoming a Member of the WTO”) and their contribution , Resolved to contribute to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs system and interests to develop their relations towards free trade in compliance with WTO rules, Considering that no provision of the SACU States this Agreement may be interpreted as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of exempting the Parties to promote regional cothis Agreement from their obligations under other international agreements, The Annexes and Protocols thereto have been submitted to the Secretariat for consultation by interested Members (Office 3006). Determined to implement this Agreement with the objective to preserve and protect the environment and to ensure an optimal use of natural resources in accordance with the principle of sustainable development, Firmly convinced that this Agreement will contribute to the creation of an enlarged and harmonious free-operation trade area between European and Mediterranean partners, thus constituting an important contribution to Euro-Mediterranean integration, Considering the difference in economic integration and social development existing between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand Parties and the SACU States on need to intensify existing efforts to promote economic and social development in the other; DESIRING West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Declaring their readiness to create new employment opportunities examine the possibility of developing and deepening their economic relations in order to improve working conditions and living standards extend them to fields not covered by this Agreement, in accordance with their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles powers, Convinced that this Agreement provides an appropriate framework for exchange of information and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter views on economic developments and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED trade as well as related matters, Convinced that this Agreement will create favourable conditions encouraging economic, trade to strengthen both bilateral and investment multilateral relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREEDParties in the economic field, in particular concerning trade and investment, Recognising that this Agreement and its implementation should be reviewed in light of further developments in international economic relations and the Middle East peace process. Have decided, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following interim Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “called this Agreement”):

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as the “the EFTA States”), on the one hand, and the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, Costa Rica and the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”), hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Parties”, CONSIDERING that the EFTA States and the SACU States wish to further strengthen their links and to establish close and lasting relations based on partnership and co- operation; RECOGNISING the efforts by the governments of the SACU States to further economic and social development for their people and the willingness of the EFTA States to support this process; RECALLING the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms of their membership of the World Trade Organisation Panama (hereinafter referred to as the “Central American States”), on the WTOother, hereinafter each individually referred to as a “Party” or collectively as the “Parties”) and their contribution to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; , RECOGNISING the special needs and interests of common wish to strengthen the SACU States as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of the Parties to promote regional co-operation and economic integration links between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand part and the SACU Central American States on the other; DESIRING to create new employment opportunities other by establishing close and to improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories while promoting sustainable developmentlasting relations; REAFFIRMING their commitment to democracy, the principles rule of law, human rights and objectives fundamental freedoms in accordance with their obligations under international law, including as set out in the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; REAFFIRMING their commitment to pursue the objective of sustainable development and recognising the importance of coherence and mutual supportiveness of trade, environment and labour policies in this respect; RECALLING their rights and obligations under multilateral environmental agreements to which they are party, and the respect for the fundamental principles and rights at work, including the principles set out in the International Labour Organisation (hereinafter referred to as the “ILO”) Conventions to which they are party; AIMING to create new employment opportunities, improve living standards along with high levels of protection of health and safety and of the environment; DESIRING to create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic cooperation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and international law; RECOGNISING the importance of trade facilitation in promoting efficient and transparent procedures to reduce costs and to ensure predictability for the trading communities of the Parties; DETERMINED to promote and further strengthen the multilateral trading system, building on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as the “WTO Agreement”) and the other agreements negotiated thereunder, thereby contributing to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade; DETERMINED to implement this Agreement in line with the objectives to preserve and protect the environment through sound environmental management and to promote an optimal use of the world’s resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development; AFFIRMING their commitment to prevent and combat corruption in international trade and investment and to promote the principles of transparency and good public governance; ACKNOWLEDGING the importance of good corporate governance and corporate social responsibility for sustainable development, and affirming their aim to encourage enterprises to observe internationally recognised guidelines and principles in this respect, established by organisations such as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations (UN); CONVINCED that this Agreement will enhance the competitiveness of their firms in global markets and create conditions encouraging economic, trade and investment relations between the Partiesthem; HAVE AGREED, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”):following Free Trade

PREAMBLE. The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and Norway, the Swiss Confederation, Members of the European Free Trade Association Confederation (hereinafter referred to as “the EFTA States”), ) and the Republic PLO for the benefit of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia, the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland, together forming the Southern African Customs Union Palestinian Authority (hereinafter referred to jointly as “SACU” or severally as “the SACU States”Palestinian Authority), hereinafter collectively referred to as “Considering the Parties”, CONSIDERING that importance of the links existing between the EFTA States and the SACU States Palestinian Authority, in particular the Declaration signed in Geneva in December 1996, and recognising the common wish to further strengthen their links and to establish these links, thus establishing close and lasting relations relations, Recalling their intention to participate actively in the process of economic integration in the Euro-Mediterranean region, and expressing their preparedness to co-operate in seeking ways and means to strengthen this process, Reaffirming their commitment to pluralistic democracy based on partnership the rule of law, human rights, including rights of persons belonging to minorities, and co- operation; RECOGNISING fundamental freedoms, and recalling the efforts by the governments principles of the SACU States United Nations Charter, Considering the importance of the Middle East peace process leading to further economic a permanent settlement based on Security Council Resolutions 242 and social development for their people 338, Considering the rights and obligations under the international agreements which they have signed and the willingness importance of the Oslo agreements, Desiring to create favourable conditions for the development and diversification of trade between them and for the promotion of commercial and economic co-operation in areas of common interest on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, non-discrimination and international law, Recalling the membership of the EFTA States in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and their commitment to support this process; RECALLING comply with the importance attached by the Parties to the principles and rules which govern international trade and to the need to apply them in a transparent and non- discriminatory manner; TAKING ACCOUNT of the Parties’ rights and obligations in terms arising from the Agreement establishing the WTO, including the principles of their membership most-favoured-nation and of national treatment, and also recalling the objective of the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “Palestinian Authority of becoming a Member of the WTO”) and their contribution , Resolved to contribute to the further strengthening of the multilateral trading system; RECOGNISING the special needs system and interests to develop their relations towards free trade in compliance with WTO rules, Considering that no provision of the SACU States this Agreement may be interpreted as developing or least-developed countries and that such needs and interests be taken care of by less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments as referred to in the Doha Development Agenda; CONFIRMING the commitment of exempting the Parties to promote regional cothis Agreement from their obligations under other international agreements, 1The Annexes and Protocols thereto have been submitted to the Secretariat for consultation by interested Members (Office 3006). Determined to implement this Agreement with the objective to preserve and protect the environment and to ensure an optimal use of natural resources in accordance with the principle of sustainable development, Firmly convinced that this Agreement will contribute to the creation of an enlarged and harmonious free-operation trade area between European and Mediterranean partners, thus constituting an important contribution to Euro-Mediterranean integration, Considering the difference in economic integration and social development existing between the countries of Southern Africa and Europe and to encourage the liberalization of trade between the Parties; BEARING IN MIND the Parties’ commitment to ensure that their mutual arrangements do not impede the process of regional integration among the EFTA States on the one hand Parties and the SACU States on need to intensify existing efforts to promote economic and social development in the other; DESIRING West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Declaring their readiness to create new employment opportunities examine the possibility of developing and deepening their economic relations in order to improve working conditions and living standards extend them to fields not covered by this Agreement, in accordance with their respective territories while promoting sustainable development; REAFFIRMING their commitment to the principles powers, Convinced that this Agreement provides an appropriate framework for exchange of information and objectives set out in the United Nations Charter views on economic developments and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; and CONVINCED trade as well as related matters, Convinced that this Agreement will create favourable conditions encouraging economic, trade to strengthen both bilateral and investment multilateral relations between the Parties; HAVE AGREEDParties in the economic field, in particular concerning trade and investment, Recognising that this Agreement and its implementation should be reviewed in light of further developments in international economic relations and the Middle East peace process. Have decided, in pursuit of the above, to conclude the present following interim Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “called this Agreement”):