Risks of Receiving MDMA Sample Clauses

Risks of Receiving MDMA. Spontaneously reported reactions and common adverse effects of MDMA are modest and have generally not been associated with serious discomfort by healthy volunteers in previous studies. Common reactions include lack of appetite, insomnia, dizziness, tight jaw or bruxism (tooth-grinding), difficulty concentrating, impaired gait or balance, dry mouth, ruminations, and thirst. Other slightly less common reactions include restlessness, parasthesias (odd somatic feelings, such as tingling, feeling hot or cold), impaired judgment, perspiration, drowsiness, and nystagmus (eye-wiggling). While anxiety, headache, fatigue, insomnia and lack of appetite were spontaneously reported by 40% to 80% of subjects in both conditions in MAPS study MP-1 (N=23), tight jaw, nausea, impaired gait/balance, and sensitivity to cold were more often reported by subjects in the MDMA than the placebo condition, and irritability was slightly more likely to be reported in the placebo condition. Additionally, subjects in the MDMA condition were more likely to report muscle tension in various body parts and diarrhea. These effects are transient and diminish as drug effects wane. Sub-acute effects that may either continue for the next 24 hours or appear later include insomnia, fatigue, needing more sleep, weakness, heavy legs, dry mouth, low mood or irritability. Sub-acute effects are reported less often than acute effects. More information on spontaneously reported reactions is described in the IB. MDMA may produce mild alterations in sensory perception and altered perception of time [74, 170, 171]. Women may be more sensitive to these effects [124]. MDMA acutely affects attention, information processing, and memory. MDMA acutely impairs verbal memory and recall for object location without affecting recall of complex scene changes [172]. For this reason, subjects will stay at the site overnight and will not be permitted to drive after experimental sessions. MDMA may produce modest changes in immune functioning, lasting up to 48 hours. Because of their limited duration, these changes are not likely to have clinical significance beyond several days of possible increased risk of viral upper respiratory infection or similar illness. Further information on the risks associated with MDMA, including information drawn from case reports and studies of ecstasy users, can be found in the sponsor’s IB.