Structural MRI Sample Clauses

Structural MRI. Original Data We investigated structural changes in the major cere- bral key players in SWD initiation and maintenance (lateral thalamus and somatosensory cortex) and in noninvolved control areas such as the hippocampus. We report here an original structural MRI study car- ried out to establish whether 4-month-old WAG/Rij rats (with a lower incidence of SWDs) and 9-month- old WAG/Rij rats (large amounts of SWDs) differ in T2-w values, indicating alterations in either water content or protein extravasation in the brain tissue. Given that the thalamus is not homogenous with respect to its role in SWD initiation and maintenance,33,37 we also investigated whether the lateral thalamus including the VPM might differ from the medial thalamus. Since hyperexcitable cells in GAERS have been identified in the subgranular layers of the somatosensory cortex, differences between the sub- and supragranular layers were inves- tigated as well, thanks to the spatial resolution of our scanner.
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Structural MRI. Cortical thickness FreeSurfer is a set of tools for the analysis and visualisation of structural and functional brain imaging data (xxxx://xxxxxxxxxx.xxx/fswiki). FreeSurfer allows evaluation of local differences across the whole brain in terms of the cortical surface. Using the General Linear Model (GLM), FreeSurfer allows the user to test statistical models of how the cortical surface may change as a consequence of different parameters (i.e. having psychosis and being exposed to physical and sexual abuse). Initially, images are reconstructed with a fully automated process to create statistical maps of different brain characteristics (e.g. cortical thickness, cortical surface area), which would then be used to identify and compute real differences across participants. FreeSurfer version 5.1.0 was used to analyse the data. 2.2.5.1 FreeSurfer reconstruction The FreeSurfer pipeline, activated with the command line “recon-all”, uses an automated algorithm to perform user-independent cortical reconstruction and subcortical volumetric segmentation, including the removal of non-brain tissue (skull, eyeballs and skin). The reconstruction pipeline consists of several stages. First, the image is registered with the Talairach atlas. After the skull is stripped, white matter and deep grey matter structures are segmented. Voxels are classified as being white matter or something other than white matter based on their intensity and the characteristics of the tissues around them (neighbour constraints). After the separation of the hemispheres and the removal of the cerebellum and brain stem based on the expected shape of these structures, the initial surface of the outer boundary of the white matter is generated. This surface is then refined to follow the intensity gradients between the white and grey matter (white matter surface). The pial surface is subsequently generated by following the intensity gradients between grey matter and CSF. This is followed by intensity normalisation, tessellation of the grey matter-white matter boundary and the grey matter-CSF boundary, and automated topology correction. The transition point from one tissue to another (e.g. grey/white, grey/cerebrospinal) is optimally placed by determining the maximal shift in voxel intensity. The distance between the white matter and the pial surfaces gives the thickness at each location of cortex. After the reconstruction, thickness, local curvature, surface area, can also be computed (Xxxxxx et al. 199...
Sample 1
Structural MRI. Original Data We investigated structural changes in the major cere- bral key players in SWD initiation and maintenance (lateral thalamus and somatosensory cortex) and in noninvolved control areas such as the hippocampus. We report here an original structural MRI study car- ried out to establish whether 4-month-old WAG/Rij rats (with a lower incidence of SWDs) and 9-month- old WAG/Rij rats (large amounts of SWDs) differ in T2-w values, indicating alterations in either water content or protein extravasation in the brain tissue. Given that the thalamus is not homogenous with respect to its role in SWD initiation and maintenance,33,37 we also investigated whether the lateral thalamus including the VPM might differ from the medial thalamus. Since hyperexcitable cells in GAERS have been identified in the subgranular layers of the somatosensory cortex, differences between the sub- and supragranular layers were inves- tigated as well, thanks to the spatial resolution of our scanner. The T2 values in the motor cortex, hippocampus, and medial section of the thalamus did not show differences between 4-month-old (4 m, n = 6, mildly symptomatic) and 9-month-old (9 m, n = 5, fully symptomatic) WAG/Rij rats, suggesting that becom- ing 5 months older does not induce large structural differences in presumably noninvolved brain areas. In contrast, age-dependent decrease (all ps < .05) were found exclusively for the three regions involved in the occurrence of SWDs: the supra-somatosensory cortex (supra SS: 4 m 87.2 ± 0.8, 9 m 83.4 ± 0.9), the sub-somatosensory cortex (sub SS: 4 m 83.6 ± 0.7, 9 m 81.3 ± 0.7), and the lateral thalamus (lat thal: 4 m 79.2 ± 0.3, 9 m 76.4 ± 0.4). The data are presented in Figure 17.1 and Table 17.1. Differences in T2 between supra SS and sub SS (p <
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