TFEU. 48 Although the provision only refers to products, it is also applied to services.53 49 An interesting element of this provision is that it acknowledges the existence of the concept of so-called indirect aid in that it refers to aid granted to individ- ual consumers. A consumer as such typically does not offer goods or services on a market and therefore cannot be classified as an “undertaking” within the mean- ing of the first paragraph of Art. 61. The provision acknowledges that financial advantages flowing from state resources to consumers can indirectly provide un- dertakings (e.g. those selling the products) with advantages.
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