Varieties of Capitalism Sample Clauses

Varieties of Capitalism. The Institutional Framework of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Varieties of Capitalism. The Institutional
Varieties of Capitalism. The VoC literature contrasts liberal market economies (LME) like the United States with coordinated market economies (CME) like Germany. In LMEs, economic gov- ernance institutions unleash the full creative and destructive powers of the market. Fierce competition dominates among firms that maintain arms length transactions and have access to fluid labor and capital markets. In contrast, CMEs have a range of market-supporting institutions that facilitate dense coordination among firms, in- vestors, and workers. Each is thought to provide actors within its boundaries a com- parative advantage in different innovational and economic activities (Hall & Soskice, 2001). Institutions in individual countries should tend to cluster about these two polar ideal-types, which feature a bundle of complementary economic governance institu- tions. The VoC literature identifies five such institutions. Industrial relations struc- ture the relationship between firms and workers, featuring strong, centralized unions in CMEs and weak, decentralized unions in LMEs. Corporate governance institutions structure the relationship between firms and investors, featuring patient bank lend- ing or cross-shareholding in CMEs and fluid, diffuse capital investments in LMEs. Worker training institutions determine the sorts of skills that workers develop, featur- ing industry-specific skills in CMEs and general skills in LMEs. Inter-firm relations structure the relationships among firms horizontally and vertically, featuring strong cooperative relationships among firms in CMEs and arms-length interactions among firms in LMEs. The structure of the firm also varies between the two, with broad participation decision-making by workers, owners, and management in CMEs and independent, hierarchically controlled management in LMEs. Together these institu- tions influence such important outputs as wage levels, shareholder concentration, and innovation patterns. One reason that these institutions are expected to cluster is that institutions of the same class are thought to be complementary. That is, each coordinative (liberal) governance institution will increase the returns to all the other coordinative (liberal) governance institutions in that country. For example, having a coordinative corpo- rate governance institution should reduce the threat that agreements with workers, competitors, or suppliers will be either prevented by investors interested in short-run profitability or undermined in the futu...

Related to Varieties of Capitalism

  • Withdrawals of Capital No Partner may withdraw capital related to such Partner’s GP-Related Partner Interests from the Partnership except (i) for distributions of cash or other property pursuant to Section 5.8, (ii) as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement or (iii) as determined by the General Partner.

  • Description of Capital Stock The authorized capital stock of the Company conforms as to legal matters to the description thereof contained in the Prospectus.

  • Restriction on Sales of Capital Stock The Company, on behalf of itself and any successor entity, agrees that, without the prior written consent of the Representative, it will not, for a period of 180 days after the date of this Agreement (the “Lock-Up Period”), (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of capital stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company; (ii) file or cause to be filed any registration statement with the Commission relating to the offering of any shares of capital stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company; or (iii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of capital stock of the Company, whether any such transaction described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above is to be settled by delivery of shares of capital stock of the Company or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. The restrictions contained in this Section 3.18.1 shall not apply to (i) the shares of Common Stock to be sold hereunder, (ii) the issuance by the Company of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of a stock option or warrant or the conversion of a security outstanding on the date hereof, of which the Representative has been advised in writing or (iii) the issuance by the Company of stock options or shares of capital stock of the Company under any equity compensation plan of the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (i) during the last 17 days of the Lock-Up Period, the Company issues an earnings release or material news or a material event relating to the Company occurs, or (ii) prior to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period, the Company announces that it will release earnings results or becomes aware that material news or a material event will occur during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the Lock-Up Period, the restrictions imposed by this Section 3.18.1 shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of such material news or material event, as applicable, unless the Representative waives, in writing, such extension; provided, however, that this extension of the Lock-Up Period shall not apply to the extent that FINRA has amended or repealed NASD Rule 2711(f)(4), or has otherwise provided written interpretive guidance regarding such rule, in each case, so as to eliminate the prohibition of any broker, dealer, or member of a national securities association from publishing or distributing any research report, with respect to the securities of an Emerging Growth Company prior to or after the expiration of any agreement between the broker, dealer, or member of a national securities association and the Emerging Growth Company or its shareholders that restricts or prohibits the sale of securities held by the Emerging Growth Company or its shareholders after the initial public offering date.

  • Ownership of Capital Stock The Shareholder is the beneficial owner of record and beneficially of all of the shares of capital stock of the Company, all of which shares are free and clear of all rights, claims, liens and encumbrances, and have not been sold, pledged, assigned or otherwise transferred except pursuant to this Agreement.

  • Return of Capital (a) Except pursuant to the Exchange Rights Agreements, no Limited Partner shall be entitled to the withdrawal or return of its Capital Contribution, except to the extent of distributions made pursuant to this Agreement or upon termination of the Partnership as provided herein. (b) Except as provided in Articles 5, 6 and 13 hereof, no Limited Partner or Assignee shall have priority over any other Limited Partner or Assignee, either as to the return of Capital Contributions or as to profits, losses or distributions.

  • Maintenance of Capital Accounts There shall be established for each Partner on the books of the Partnership as of the date such Partner becomes a Partner a capital account (each being a “Capital Account”). Each Capital Contribution by any Partner, if any, shall be credited to the Capital Account of such Partner on the date such Capital Contribution is made to the Partnership. In addition, each Partner’s Capital Account shall be (a) credited with (i) such Partner’s allocable share of Net Income of the Partnership and any item of income or gain (including unrealized gain to the extent allowable) that is specially allocated for Section 704(b) book purposes to such Partner pursuant to Section 5.4(e) or Section 6.2(b), and (ii) the amount of any Partnership liabilities that are assumed by the Partner or secured by any Partnership property distributed to the Partner, (b) debited with (i) the amount of distributions (and deemed distributions) to such Partner of cash or the fair market value of other property so distributed, (ii) such Partner’s allocable share of Net Loss of the Partnership and any item of deduction or loss (including unrealized loss to the extent allowable) that is specially allocated for Section 704(b) book purposes to such Partner pursuant to Section 6.2(b), and (iii) the amount of any liabilities of the Partner assumed by the Partnership or which are secured by any property contributed by the Partner to the Partnership and (c) otherwise maintained in accordance with the provisions of the Code and the United States Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder. Any other item which is required to be reflected in a Partner’s Capital Account under Section 704(b) of the Code and the United States Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder or otherwise under this Agreement shall be so reflected. The General Partner shall make such adjustments to Capital Accounts as it determines in its sole discretion to be appropriate to ensure allocations are made in accordance with a Partner’s interest in the Partnership. Interest shall not be payable on Capital Account balances. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the General Partner shall maintain the Capital Accounts of the Partners in accordance with the principles and requirements set forth in Section 704(b) of the Code and the United States Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, provided, however, for purposes of this Agreement, (i) each holder of a series of Class B Common Units that is also a holder of regular Common Units, another series of Class B Common and/or a series of Class C Common Units and (ii) each holder of a series of Class C Common Units that is also a holder of regular Common Units, another series of Class C Common Units and/or a series of Class B Common Units shall, in each case under clause (i) or clause (ii), be deemed to have a separate Capital Account for each series of Class B Common Units, for each series of Class C Common Units and for the regular Common Units held by such holder. The Capital Account balance of a Partner with respect to each Preferred Unit held by such Partner shall equal the Liquidation Preference per Preferred Unit as of the date such Preferred Unit is initially issued and shall be increased as set forth in Article XVI.

  • Issuance of Capital Stock Except for (a) any transaction pursuant to an Unsolicited Proposal that Maker accepts in accordance with the fiduciary exception provided in Section 3.2 of the Recapitalization Agreement or (b) shares of capital stock issuable upon exercise or conversion of warrants or convertible securities outstanding prior to February 1, 2004, Maker shall not without Holder's prior written approval: (i) issue any shares of capital stock or other securities, or any instruments exercisable for or convertible into capital stock or other securities, or (ii) make any promises, commitments, undertakings, agreements or letters of intent for any of the issuances described in (i) hereof.

  • Priority and Return of Capital No Member shall have priority over any other Member, either as to the return of Capital Contributions or as to Net Profits, Net Losses or Distributions. This Section shall not apply to loans (as distinguished from Capital Contributions), which a Member has made to the Company.

  • Valid Issuance of Capital Stock The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock which the Company has authority to issue is 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (“Preferred Stock”). As of the date hereof, the Company has issued and outstanding 5,750,000 shares of Common Stock (of which up to 750,000 shares are subject to forfeiture as described in the Registration Statement) and no shares of Preferred Stock. All of the issued shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly authorized, validly issued, and are fully paid and non-assessable.

  • Withdrawal of Capital No Member may withdraw all or any part of its Capital Contribution except with the unanimous consent of the mangers or as provided in Article III (regarding distributions generally) or Article VIII (regarding dissolution of the Company).

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