Aetiology and treatment of schizophrenia Sample Clauses

Aetiology and treatment of schizophrenia. As is the case with many mental disorders, the cause of schizophrenia is not known although both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated (Xxx xxx Xx & Xxxxx, 2009). There are a number of theories relating to neurotransmitter imbalances and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown a broad array of brain abnormalities. The conventional treatment for schizophrenia is usually long-term treatment with antipsychotic medication. A nutritional approach works alongside conventional treatment and there is preliminary evidence that omega-3 is an effective adjunct to antipsychotics (Emsley, Oosthuizen, & xxx Xxxxxxxx, 2003). The field of psychosis has long been aware that schizophrenia is more common in those born in winter and spring when sun exposure is minimum or none existing (Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx, Chant, Xxxxxx, & XxXxxxx, 2003). The prevalence of schizophrenia is associated with latitude – a finding first described by Xxxxxx Xxxxxx over 25 years ago (Xxxxxx, 1977) and since replicated in systematic reviews (Xxxxxx et al., 2003). These findings have led to the hypothesis that low vitamin D (especially during early life) may be implicated in aetiology of schizophrenia (X. X. XxXxxxx, Xxxxx, et al., 2010; X. X. XxXxxxx, Xxxxx, Xxxxx, Xxxxxx-Xxx, & Xxxxx, 2010). The impact of vitamin D or sun exposure on brain changes in adult life has not been investigated.
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