Agreement problems Sample Clauses

Agreement problems. Consensus protocols are intensively used as building blocks for implementing higher-level services, of key importance when designing fault-tolerant distributed applications. Many practical problems such as electing a leader, or agreeing on a value of a replicated server, are solved by relying on a consensus algorithm. The consensus problem can be viewed as the "greatest common denominator" for a class of problems known as Agreement problems, which includes, among other: Atomic Broadcast, Group Membership and Atomic Commit. In the following, we provide a general overview of each of these agreement problems. On the contrary, Causal Broadcast guarantees that if the broadcast of a message m1 hap- pens before (or causally precedes) the broadcast of message m2, then no correct process de- livers m2 before m1. Atomic Broadcast [15] is an agreement problem that entails two aspects: processes agree on the set of messages they deliver and also on the order in which these messages are deliv- ered. Therefore, Atomic Broadcast (sometimes called Ordered Reliable Broadcast) represents a communication paradigm that ensures that all correct processes deliver the same sequence of messages. More formally, Atomic Broadcast is specified by the Total Order requirement: if two cor- rect processes pi and pj deliver two messages m1 and m2, then pi delivers m1 before m2 if and only if pj delivers m1 before m2. { } Group Membership As replication is a key solution for introducing fault-tolerance in dis- tributed applications, group-based computing facilitates the design of such applications. A group is defined as a set of processes that cooperate in order to accomplish a common task. If we consider an unbounded set of processes Π = p1, p2, ..., pn, ... , any subset forms a group. A composition of a group evolves in a dynamical manner: crash failures of group members may occur, a process may want to join the group or a member of the group may want to leave it. The current composition of the group defines the current view of the group. In group membership, consensus is often used to agree on the sequence of views of the group. Atomic Commit The transaction concept is widely recognized as a powerful model to struc- ture distributed applications. A distributed transaction is structured as a sequence of ele- mentary operations, performed at multiple sites, terminated with a request to commit or abort the transaction. The sites that performed the operations, execute an atomic commit proto...
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Related to Agreement problems

  • Problems To endeavour to resolve in a fair and just manner any problems, grievances or difficulties which may be encountered while you volunteer with us;

  • Problem Solving Employees and supervisors are encouraged to attempt to resolve on an informal basis, at the earliest opportunity, a problem that could lead to a grievance. If the matter is not resolved by informal discussion, or a problem-solving meeting does not occur, it may be settled in accordance with the grievance procedure. Unless mutually agreed between the Employer and the Union problem-solving discussions shall not extend the deadlines for filing a grievance. The Union Xxxxxxx or in their absence, the Local Union President, or Area Xxxxxxx, or Chief Xxxxxxx, either with the employee or alone, shall present to the appropriate supervisor a written request for a meeting. If the supervisor agrees to a problem- solving meeting, this meeting shall be held within fourteen (14) calendar days of receipt of the request. The supervisor, employee, Union Xxxxxxx, and up to one (1) other management person shall attempt to resolve the problem through direct and forthright communication. If another member of management is present that person will not be hearing the grievance at Step Two, should it progress to that Step. The employee, the Union Xxxxxxx or in their absence, the Local Union President, or Area Xxxxxxx, or Chief Xxxxxxx, may participate in problem-solving activities on paid time, in accordance with Article 31, Union Rights, Section 1H.

  • Reasonable Suspicion Testing All Employees Performing Safety-Sensitive Functions A. Reasonable suspicion testing for alcohol or controlled substances may be directed by the Employer for any employee performing safety-sensitive functions when there is reason to suspect that alcohol or controlled substance use may be adversely affecting the employee’s job performance or that the employee may present a danger to the physical safety of the employee or another. B. Specific objective grounds must be stated in writing that support the reasonable suspicion. Examples of specific objective grounds include but are not limited to: 1. Physical symptoms consistent with alcohol and/or controlled substance use; 2. Evidence or observation of alcohol or controlled substance use, possession, sale, or delivery; or 3. The occurrence of an accident(s) where a trained manager, supervisor or lead worker suspects alcohol or other controlled substance use may have been a factor.

  • Elements Unsatisfactory Needs Improvement Proficient Exemplary IV-A-1. Reflective Practice Demonstrates limited reflection on practice and/or use of insights gained to improve practice. May reflect on the effectiveness of lessons/ units and interactions with students but not with colleagues and/or rarely uses insights to improve practice. Regularly reflects on the effectiveness of lessons, units, and interactions with students, both individually and with colleagues, and uses insights gained to improve practice and student learning. Regularly reflects on the effectiveness of lessons, units, and interactions with students, both individually and with colleagues; and uses and shares with colleagues, insights gained to improve practice and student learning. Is able to model this element.

  • Foreign-Owned Companies in Connection with Critical Infrastructure If Texas Government Code, Section 2274.0102(a)(1) (relating to prohibition on contracts with certain foreign-owned companies in connection with critical infrastructure) is applicable to this Contract, pursuant to Government Code Section 2274.0102, Contractor certifies that neither it nor its parent company, nor any affiliate of Contractor or its parent company, is: (1) majority owned or controlled by citizens or governmental entities of China, Iran, North Korea, Russia, or any other country designated by the Governor under Government Code Section 2274.0103, or (2) headquartered in any of those countries.

  • Access Toll Connecting Trunk Group Architecture 9.2.1 If CSTC chooses to subtend a Verizon access Tandem, CSTC’s NPA/NXX must be assigned by CSTC to subtend the same Verizon access Tandem that a Verizon NPA/NXX serving the same Rate Center Area subtends as identified in the LERG. 9.2.2 CSTC shall establish Access Toll Connecting Trunks pursuant to applicable access Tariffs by which it will provide Switched Exchange Access Services to Interexchange Carriers to enable such Interexchange Carriers to originate and terminate traffic to and from CSTC’s Customers. 9.2.3 The Access Toll Connecting Trunks shall be two-way trunks. Such trunks shall connect the End Office CSTC utilizes to provide Telephone Exchange Service and Switched Exchange Access to its Customers in a given LATA to the access Tandem(s) Verizon utilizes to provide Exchange Access in such LATA. 9.2.4 Access Toll Connecting Trunks shall be used solely for the transmission and routing of Exchange Access to allow CSTC’s Customers to connect to or be connected to the interexchange trunks of any Interexchange Carrier which is connected to a Verizon access Tandem.

  • SAVINGS/FORCE MAJEURE A Force Majeure occurrence is an event or effect that cannot be reasonably anticipated or controlled and is not due to the negligence or willful misconduct of the affected party. Force Majeure includes, but is not limited to, acts of God, acts of war, acts of public enemies, terrorism, strikes, fires, explosions, actions of the elements, floods, or other similar causes beyond the control of the Contractor or the Commissioner in the performance of the Contract where non- performance, by exercise of reasonable diligence, cannot be prevented. The affected party shall provide the other party with written notice of any Force Majeure occurrence as soon as the delay is known and provide the other party with a written contingency plan to address the Force Majeure occurrence, including, but not limited to, specificity on quantities of materials, tooling, people, and other resources that will need to be redirected to another facility and the process of redirecting them. Furthermore, the affected party shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to resume proper performance within an appropriate period of time. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Force Majeure condition continues beyond thirty (30) days, the Parties shall jointly decide on an appropriate course of action that will permit fulfillment of the Parties’ objectives hereunder. The Contractor agrees that in the event of a delay or failure of performance by the Contractor, under the Contract due to a Force Majeure occurrence: a. The Commissioner may purchase from other sources (without recourse to and by the Contractor for the costs and expenses thereof) to replace all or part of the Products which are the subject of the delay, which purchases may be deducted from the Contract quantities without penalty or liability to the State, or b. The Contractor will make commercially reasonable efforts to provide Authorized Users with access to Products first in order to fulfill orders placed before the Force Majeure event occurred. The Commissioner agrees that Authorized Users shall accept allocated performance or deliveries during the occurrence of the Force Majeure event. Neither the Contractor nor the Commissioner shall be liable to the other for any delay in or failure of performance under the Contract due to a Force Majeure occurrence. Any such delay in or failure of performance shall not constitute default or give rise to any liability for damages. The existence of such causes of such delay or failure shall extend the period for performance to such extent as determined by the Contractor and the Commissioner to be necessary to enable complete performance by the Contractor if reasonable diligence is exercised after the cause of delay or failure has been removed. Notwithstanding the above, at the discretion of the Commissioner where the delay or failure will significantly impair the value of the Contract to the State or to Authorized Users, the Commissioner may terminate the Contract or the portion thereof which is subject to delays, and thereby discharge any unexecuted portion of the Contract or the relative part thereof. In addition, the Commissioner reserves the right, in his/her sole discretion, to make an equitable adjustment in the Contract terms and/or pricing should extreme and unforeseen volatility in the marketplace affect pricing or the availability of supply. "Extreme and unforeseen volatility in the marketplace" is defined as market circumstances which meet the following criteria: (i) the volatility is due to causes outside the control of Contractor; (ii) the volatility affects the marketplace or industry, not just the particular Contract source of supply; (iii) the effect on pricing or availability of supply is substantial; and (iv) the volatility so affects Contractor's performance that continued performance of the Contract would result in a substantial loss. Failure of the Contractor to agree to any adjustment shall be a dispute under the Disputes clause; provided however, that nothing in this clause shall excuse the Contractor from performing in accordance with the Contract as changed.

  • CERTIFICATION REGARDING CERTAIN FOREIGN-OWNED COMPANIES IN CONNECTION WITH CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE (Texas law as of September 1, 2021) By submitting a proposal to this Solicitation, you certify that you agree to the following required by Texas law as of September 1, 2021: Proposing Company is prohibited from entering into a contract or other agreement relating to critical infrastructure that would grant to the company direct or remote access to or control of critical infrastructure in this state, excluding access specifically allowed by the Proposing Company for product warranty and support purposes. Company, certifies that neither it nor its parent company nor any affiliate of company or its parent company, is (1) owned by or the majority of stock or other ownership interest of the company is held or controlled by individuals who are citizens of China, Iran, North Korea, Russia, or a designated country; (2) a company or other entity, including governmental entity, that is owned or controlled by citizens of or is directly controlled by the government of China, Iran, North Korea, Russia, or a designated country; or (3) headquartered in China, Iran, North Korea, Russia, or a designated country. For purposes of this contract, “critical infrastructure” means “a communication infrastructure system, cybersecurity system, electric grid, hazardous waste treatment system, or water treatment facility.” See Tex. Gov’t Code § 2274.0101(2) of SB 1226 (87th leg.). The company verifies and certifies that company will not grant direct or remote access to or control of critical infrastructure, except for product warranty and support purposes, to prohibited individuals, companies, or entities, including governmental entities, owned, controlled, or headquartered in China, Iran, North Korea, Russia, or a designated country, as determined by the Governor.

  • FORCE MAJEURE CIRCUMSTANCES Lithium Hosting, llc CANNOT and WILL NOT be liable for any failure or delay in doing its professional duties resulting from circumstances beyond its physical control. Such circumstances may represent acts of any governmental body, war, rebellion, sabotage, embargo, fire, flood or other natural disaster, strike or other labor disturbances, interruption of or delay in transportation, unavailability of, interruption or delay in telecommunications or third party services (including DNS propagation), failure of third party software or hardware, or inability to obtain raw materials, supplies or power used in or equipment needed for provisioning of the Services.

  • Data shared with Subcontractors If DSHS Data provided under this Contract is to be shared with a subcontractor, the Contract with the subcontractor must include all of the data security provisions within this Contract and within any amendments, attachments, or exhibits within this Contract. If the Contractor cannot protect the Data as articulated within this Contract, then the contract with the sub- Contractor must be submitted to the DSHS Contact specified for this contract for review and approval.

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