Bacterial cause of ADL Sample Clauses

Bacterial cause of ADL. The etiology of ADL has been studied for most of the 20th century, yet is still not entirely understood. Observational research from the 1920’s and 1930’s in endemic areas argued for the bacterial cause of acute ADL episodes. In British Guiana streptococci was cultured from swollen lymph glands in 90% of cases [52]. Further studies of filariasis in British Guiana from 1926 to 1928 demonstrated a clear association between filarial lymphangitis and β haemolytic streptococcus [53]. Similar results were demonstrated in Fiji [54] and in Samoa [55]. A 1929 study of filarial lymphangitis in Calcutta, India [56] found that among the patients presenting to the Xxxxxxxxxx Hospital for Tropical Diseases for filarial lymphangitis or chyluria, the source of infection was of some internal or external septic focus, and was invariably caused by a streptococci or staphylococci bacterial strain. Contradictory to these studies, XxXxxxxx demonstrated a uniform absence of positive bacterial cultures taken under aseptic conditions among a series of cases of acute lymphangitis in Puerto Rico from 1929 to 1931[57]. Instead, he hypothesizes that there may be three types of acute lymphangitis of varying origin: 1) lymphangitis of bacterial origin, 2) lymphangitis of filarial origin 3) filarial lymphangitis with secondary bacterial infection. More recently, Esterre demonstrated the important role of streptococcal infection among persons with ADL in French Polynesia[58]. A total of 22 patients with filarial ADL, 10 with chronic pathology, 10 with classic erysipelas (Streptococcus infection of the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics), and 20 endemic healthy controls were examined for clinical manifestations as well as laboratory investigations. Anti- streptolysin O (ASO) levels (indicative of recent streptococcal infection) were highest among the chronic pathology group and lowest among those with erysipelas (no significant differences). Anti-DNAse B levels (indicative of chronic streptococcal infection) were higher among those with ADL (p=0.019) and among those with erysipelas (p=0.002) when compared to controls. These results strengthen the view that bacteria have a significant role, even if not exclusive, in the development of ADL episodes among LF patients. They confirm the necessity to quickly initiate antibiotics among LF patients undergoing an ADL episode. A case-control study evaluating whether tissues and edema fluids of lymphedematous extremities contained bacteria among...
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