Breast Cancer Oncosimulator Sample Clauses

Breast Cancer Oncosimulator. The Breast Cancer Oncosimulator is a multiscale, four-dimensional modelling approach, comprising a predictive mathematical model capable of simulating existing treatment protocols. Current implementation addresses the case of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with epirubicin but it can be easily adapted to other types of treatment or chemotherapeutic agents. This specific model addresses primary tumours during their clinical course of life, well beyond their initiation phase. It has been designed to incorporate patient-specific data, such as imaging-based, histological, molecular, and treatment data. In the modelling approach, the high complexity of cancer is reflected by key hallmarks of cancer that drive cancer progression that span from intracellular to super-cellular length scales. Hypoxia due to an insufficient tumour neovasculature, reversible dormancy, active proliferation, and spontaneous, starvation-induced or treatment-induced cell loss are among the biological processes considered. Intra-tumour heterogeneity has been implemented via the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis. Different resistance profiles of cancer cells have been taken into account. An essential feature of this model is its capability to simulate the effect of tumour microenvironment on cell cycle dynamics. Different proliferation patterns based on the assumed conditions of tumour microenvironment can be produced. Eventually tumour progression is regulated by the interplay of the above considered biological mechanisms. The modelling approach can also be applied either to primary, metastatic or recurrent tumors to simulate their clinical course of life, well beyond their initiation phase, or to investigate the dynamics and timing of local/distant recurrences after treatment taking into consideration the effect of cancer dormancy. The Breast Cancer Oncosimulator model is based on the consideration of a discrete time and space stochastic cellular automaton, representing the tumour region. A cubic discretizing mesh is superimposed over the anatomic region of interest. The mesh element is called geometric cell (GC). Each GC corresponds to a cluster of heterogeneous cells found in various states. At each time step, i.e. every hour, the discretizing mesh covering the anatomical region of interest is virtually scanned in order to apply the basic metabolic, cytokinetic, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, and mechanical rules that govern the spatiotemporal evolution of the tumour system. For practical r...
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