Chapter 3 Outcomes Sample Clauses

Chapter 3 Outcomes. Outcome and covariates are measured across a range of developmental periods as part of the FFCW dataset and modeled using extant literature that has analyzed FFCW data or the FFCW scale validation documentation as a guide (Scales Documentation Navigator, 2019). Similar to extant literature (Xxxxxx et al., 2017; Xxxxx et al., 2011), and guided by the FFCW Scales Documentation (Scales Documentation and Question Sources for Three-Year Questionnaires, 2006), we operationalize child maltreatment as the primary caregiver’s (PCG; typically the mother) self-report of maltreatment and neglect behaviors perpetrated against the focal child of interest for the FFCW study (Table 5). Self-reported violence items are drawn from the physical aggression, psychological aggression, and neglect subscales of the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales (CTSPC) (Xxxxxx et al., 1998). with something like a belt, hairbrush, a stick or some other hard object; 3) slapped child on the hand, arm, or leg; 4) pinched child; and 5) shook child. Possible responses to all subscales included this has never happened (0), once (1), twice (2), 3-5 times (3), 6-10 times (4), 11-20 times (5), 20+ times (6) or this has occurred but not in the past year (7) (Xxxxxx et al., 1998). If the violence occurred previously, but not in the past year, we assign the response a 0 value. We then summed scores within each domain for a possible score ranging between 0 to 30 based on the frequency of each form of violence within each violence domain. To allow for comparisons across all models, all outcomes were transformed using the percent of maximum possible scaling method (Xxxxx et al., 1999; Moeller, 2015). There is no standardized way of modeling subscales of maltreatment using the CTSPC and maltreatment has been operationalized using multiple different methods using the FFCW data (Xxxx & Xxxxxx, 2015; Xxxxxx & Xxxx, 2015). There is concern around operationalizing the CTSPC measures as subscales due to the limited internal consistency in the FFCW population (i.e., Cronbach’s alpha less than 0.7 for all subscales) (Xxxxxxx & Xxxxxxxxx, 2013; User’s Guide for the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study Public Data, Year 9, 2018). However, following Xxxxxx (2007) and Xxxxxx et al, (1998) we operationalize these items as scales because these maltreatment events are rare resulting in reduced correlation between items. Further, validity for rare events, such as neglect or abuse, will have a high level of temporal ...