Cognitive Femtocell Networks Sample Clauses

Cognitive Femtocell Networks. ‌ Cognitive radio (CR) offers a unique approach to enhance resource utilization, specifically, radio spectrum. It is an intelligent wireless system that is integrated with the existing SDN. Based on the understanding-by-building method, CR learns from its environment and accordingly adjusts to its environment changes in the input stimuli with two main objectives, namely, ubiquitous highly reliable communication and efficient utilization of the radio spectrum [23]. To enable spectrum access, the principal functions of CR networks are spectrum sensing, spectrum management and decision, spectrum sharing, and spectrum mobility [24]. Due to their low cost, ease of deployment and low power consumption, femtocells have emerged as a game-changer in providing extended coverage as well as increased capacity in HetNets for indoor users [23, 25, 26]. Realistically, HetNets are modeled randomly, introducing unique challenges and limitations to network deployment. Cognitive capability offers femtocells unique solutions to interference and spectrum scarcity through efficient spectrum management and higher network capacity [27]. Stochastic geometry tools are effective in modeling and analyzing cognitive two-tier HetNets [28–31]. A comprehensive evaluation of stochastic geometry for cognitive HetNets has been presented in [29]. The survey studied Poisson Point Process (PPP) thoroughly, highlighting its mathematical model and use cases. Nodes are spatially distributed according to PPP on Voronoi cells. In [30], authors consider a two-tier HetNet with cognitive femtocell for outage probability performance evaluation in the downlink with Rayleigh fading for multiple UEs and Femto base stations (FBSs) distributed spatially according to PPP. Results
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