Comparison of energy carriers Sample Clauses

Comparison of energy carriers. This section will provide a high-level comparison of energy carriers. The following aspects are considered relevant herein, other aspects like availability and land-use issues of feedstocks will be addressed in upcoming reports: • Energy efficiency of the energy carrier production (well-to-tank production efficiency) • Greenhouse gas emissions of the energy carrier production (well-to-tank emissions) • Greenhouse gas emissions of the energy carrier conversion (tank-to-wake emissions) • Capital cost of the energy storage system • Energy density • Operational cost of the energy carrier • Toxicity of the energy carrier • Safety aspects of the energy carrier The comparisons are presented in Figures and Tables in the following. The well-to-tank production efficiency of various energy carriers was compared considering that all energy carriers were produced from renewable electricity (coming from wind and solar) and flue gas carbon capture (from an existing point source). Figure 13 shows that synthetic diesel (e-diesel) takes a lot of energy to produce. This has to do with the long chain of carbons that must be built. Batteries on the other side have the best performance, because they do not require physical conversion to store energy. The fact that batteries are very energy intensive to produce is not accounted for here. Pure hydrogen is relatively efficient because it is produced by electrolysis, a common step for all e-fuels. Liquefied hydrogen requires a lot of energy to obtain the required liquefication temperature of -253 °C. Figure 13 Well-to-tank production efficiency for energy carriers. This chart shows how much energy is required to produce an energy carrier and to get it on-board. Transportation of the energy carrier is not included [19]. Author | Xxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxx-Xxxxxx Xxxxx agreement no. | 101096809 Funded by the Horizon Europe Programme of the European Union under grant agreement No 101096809 Funded by the Horizon Europe guarantee of the United Kingdom, under project No 10068310 Funded by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation Deliverable Number | D1.1 Deliverable title | Relevant identified technical solutions Comparing greenhouse gas emissions for energy carriers is a complex task. The emissions strongly depend on the used resource. Therefore, the comparison is made given a certain resource type; fossil, biomass or renewables. Yet, the comparison for CO2, as presented in Figure 14 still shows a great scatter. Just co...
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Related to Comparison of energy carriers

  • Electric If Customer has selected an Electricity Fixed Rate on the Application, Customer’s Price will be based on the Fixed Rate(s) which includes Local and State taxes, Gross Receipts Tax (GRT), PJM Adjustment (defined below) charges and adjustments and Utility applied charges and/or fees related to generation, plus the Administration Charge, which includes, Electricity Balancing Amount and third party utility and billing charges.

  • System Operations Each party, at its own expense, shall provide and maintain the equipment, software, services and testing necessary to transmit Data Communications to, and receive Data Communications from the parties’ respective Receipt Computers.

  • System Operation The Parties shall adhere to any applicable operational requirements of PJM necessary to protect the integrity of the transmission system within the PJM Control Area and the transmission systems of interconnected control areas, and shall satisfy any and all PJM, RFC and NERC criteria, when applicable. The DS Supplier shall also adhere to any applicable operational requirements of the Company necessary to protect the integrity of the Company’s local distribution system.

  • Fuel The Vehicle must be returned with the amount of fuel equal to that at the time of the commencement of the rental. If the Vehicle is returned with less fuel, the difference will be charged to You at a rate of $5.00 per litre (which includes a service component).

  • Interconnection Customer Provided Services The services provided by Interconnection Customer under this LGIA are set forth in Article 9.6 and Article 13.5. 1. Interconnection Customer shall be paid for such services in accordance with Article 11.6.

  • Utility Services Company agrees to pay the full cost and expense associated with its use of all utilities, including but not limited to water, sanitary sewer, electric, storm drainage, and telecommunication services.

  • COMMON UTILITIES Expenses for serving/supply of common facilities and utilities and all charges incidental thereto.

  • Infertility Services This plan covers the following services, in accordance with R.I. General Law §27-20-20. • Services for the diagnosis and treatment of infertility if you are:

  • New utilities (i) The Contractor shall allow, subject to the permission from the Authority and such conditions as the Authority may specify, access to, and use of the Site for laying telephone lines, water pipes, electricity lines/ cables or other public utilities. Where such access or use causes any financial loss to the Contractor, it may require the user of the Site to pay compensation or damages as per Applicable Laws. For the avoidance of doubt, it is agreed that use of the Site under this Clause 9.3 shall not in any manner relieve the Contractor of its obligation to construct and maintain the Project Highway in accordance with this Agreement and any damage caused by such use shall be restored forthwith at the cost of the Authority. (ii) The Authority may, by notice, require the Contractor to connect any adjoining road to the Project Highway, and the connecting portion thereof falling within the Site shall be constructed by the Contractor at the Authority’s cost in accordance with Article 10. (iii) The Authority may by notice require the Contractor to connect, through a paved road, any adjoining service station, hotel, motel or any other public facility or amenity to the Project Highway, whereupon the connecting portion thereof that falls within the Site shall be constructed by the Contractor on payment of the cost. The cost to be paid by the Authority to the Contractor shall be determined by the Authority’s Engineer. For the avoidance of doubt, in the event such road is to be constructed for the benefit of any entity, the Authority may require such entity to make an advance deposit with the Contractor or the Authority, as the case may be, of an amount equal to the estimated cost as determined by the Authority’s Engineer and such advance shall be adjusted against the cost of construction as determined by the Authority’s Engineer hereunder. (iv) In the event construction of any Works is affected by a new utility or works undertaken in accordance with this Clause 9.3, the Contractor shall be entitled to a reasonable Time Extension as determined by the Authority’s Engineer.

  • Interconnection Customer Compensation If the CAISO requests or directs the Interconnection Customer to provide a service pursuant to Articles 9.6.3 (Payment for Reactive Power) or 13.5.1 of this LGIA, the CAISO shall compensate the Interconnection Customer in accordance with the CAISO Tariff.

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