Electro Optic Switches Sample Clauses

Electro Optic Switches. One example of Electro Optic Switches is Lithium Niobate (LN) based switches, operating using electro-optic (EO) effect whereby applied electrical field changes the refractive index of LN. Products are available such as marketed by EO SPACE. EO effect is very fast but weak in LN, hence typically the switch chip is large (waveguide length in the order of several cm is needed to achieve the π phase shift needed). Other materials can provide significantly higher EO effect with speeds sufficient for switching purposes. An example is lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) based switches as marketed by EpiPhotonics (see Figure 12). These can provide a speed of < 10ns and a number of configurations are available from 1×N (N=1-16) and N×N (N=2-4, with N=8 under development). EO switches are power efficient as they only require electrical voltage (field) to hold their state, with no current. Energy is only consumed when switching takes place and current is needed to charge the capacitance. Yet technologies based on transparent waveguide materials have a common drawback. As they are generally based on optical phase changes and interference in transparent waveguides, they cannot realise very high extinction ratio (ER) (i.e., cannot switch ‘off’ light signals sufficiently) hence will have scalability issues due to crosstalk. For example, the PLZT switches by Epiphotonics have about 30dB crosstalk level when they are small-scaled, but when scaled up to N≥8, this drops to 18 dB, a level that may not be acceptable by systems engineers. NTT have published data on similar product technology. Another issue with these technologies is that as passive components, all MEMS, mechanical and thermal switches have insertion loss hence cannot realize lossless switching. Again as an example the PLZT switches have 5dB insertion loss at small scale, increasing to 7.5 dB when scaled up to 4×4. Figure 12: PLZT 1xN switch
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Related to Electro Optic Switches

  • Workstation/Laptop encryption All workstations and laptops that process and/or store DHCS PHI or PI must be encrypted using a FIPS 140-2 certified algorithm which is 128bit or higher, such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The encryption solution must be full disk unless approved by the DHCS Information Security Office.

  • Signaling Each Party will provide the other Party with access to its databases and associated signaling necessary for the routing and completion of the other Party’s traffic in accordance with the provisions contained in the Unbundled Network Element Attachment or applicable access tariff.

  • Local Switching BellSouth shall provide non-discriminatory access to local circuit switching capability, and local tandem switching capability, on an unbundled basis, except as set forth below in Section 3.1.3 to Mpower for the provision of a telecommunications service. BellSouth shall provide non-discriminatory access to packet switching capability on an unbundled basis to Mpower for the provision of a telecommunications service only in the limited circumstance described below in Section 3.3.4.6.

  • OPTICAL ‌ The Employer agrees to provide Optical coverage for active full- time employees in the amount of one hundred twenty-five dollars ($125.00) every twenty-four (24) month period, for the cost of frames, lenses and the fitting of prescription glasses when recommended by a doctor or optometrist. Sunglasses or glasses for cosmetic purposes are not included nor is the cost of eye examinations. While this Appendix is intended to provide an overview of all benefit coverages the insurer’s plan documents will ultimately govern the administration of these benefits. RRSP‌ The Employer agrees to contribute the following amounts to a Registered Retirement Savings Plan for any full-time employee who agrees to contribute an equal amount as follows: Employer Employee Year 1 $550.00 $550.00 Year 2 $550.00 $550.00 Reflect yearly Employer and Employee contribution match. Such amounts shall be divided by the amount of pay periods for each year and shall be adjusted accordingly.

  • Devices BNY Mellon will restrict the transfer of Customer Data from its network to mass storage devices. BNY Mellon will use a mobile device management system or equivalent tool when mobile computing is used to provide the services. Applications on such authenticated devices will be housed within an encrypted container and BNY Mellon will maintain the ability to remote wipe the contents of the container.

  • Radios The Contractor or its employees shall not use any of the two-way radios or special telecommunications equipment under any circumstances. No exceptions will be made to this rule. Violation is grounds for immediate termination of this Contract, as well as punitive action.

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