EU Personal Data Protection Law Sample Clauses

EU Personal Data Protection Law. Personal data protection legislation has been the hallmark of the EU response to prevent and mitigate xxxxx stemming from the advance of information technologies that process personal data.945 The CFREU that included personal data protection as an individual fundamental right was proclaimed in 2000, shortly before Alphabet adopted OBA as a business model.946 Article 8 of the CFREU reiterates the EU approach to the processing of personal data, which, in essence, is only allowed in case there is sufficient legal ground provided by law, such as, for example, the consent of the person involved.947 The CFREU went into force in 2009, shortly after Facebook launched its advertising platform, including the controversial advertising Beacon that covertly tracked users over the Internet.948 The rise of social networks and XXX as the backbone of the online environment have largely triggered a call to update personal data protection rules, resulting in the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which entered into force on May 25, 2018.949 The GDPR applies to OBA to the extent that it involves processing personal data, broadly defined as “any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural individual (‘data subject’).”950 This definition is of paramount importance and has attracted controversy as to what extent behavioral data processed for OBA applies to the implementation of Directive 93/13 [on consumer rights]. However, since Directive 93/13 does not expressly provide for a right for consumer protection associations to intervene in individual disputes involving consumers, Article 38 of the Charter cannot, by itself, impose an interpretation of that directive which would encompass such a right.”) See also Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx & Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx, Are Consumer Rights Human Rights?, in EUROPEAN CONSUMER PROTECTION: THEORY AND PRACTICE 336 (Xxxxx Xxxxxxxx & Xxx Xxxxx eds., 2012). 945 XXXXXXX XXXX, REGULATING ONLINE BEHAVIOURAL ADVERTISING THROUGH DATA PROTECTION LAW 93 (2021). 946 See for detailed overview about emeregance of personal data protection as the fundamental right in Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx, EU Fundamental Rights and Personal Data Protection, in THE EMERGENCE OF PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION AS A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT OF THE EU 163 (Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx xx., 2014).
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