Extensions and Goals Sample Clauses

Extensions and Goals. In addressing the limitations of a binary response, Chen et al. proposed a novel toxicity scoring system to characterize toxicity as a continuous response [10]. The proposed score is a function of the highest level of toxicity and all other toxicities, with a weight parameter to vary the importance of the non-maximum toxicities. This function therefore takes into account all available toxicity data, including the lev- els of toxicity and number of toxicities [11]. The extended score is comprised of a Normalized Equivalent Toxicity Score (NETS) for each patient and a Target Normal- ized Equivalent Toxicity Score (TNETS) which is analogous to the TTL. Therefore, EWOC must be reparameterized with the incorporation of NETS in the logistic model instead of a binary indicator for DLT, forming EWOC-NETS [10]. In cancer research and the development of cancer drugs, personalized medicine has recently become an extremely hot topic. Specifically, it is of great interest whether certain cancer drugs are more or less effective/toxic in a subgroup of patients. We can first begin modeling personalized medicine in the form of covariates that are added into the logistic model. In the simplest, we consider a single discrete covariate, where one subgroup of subjects exhibits a particular gene and the other group does not. This covariate can then be added into the model in order to assess whether the dose levels significantly change between these two groups. Therefore, the estimated MTD is adjusted for the covariate rather than the overall MTD. Continuous covariates can also be considered, such as the patient’s weight, percent of tumor growth, or time from cancer diagnosis. These covariates could potentially be important factors in assessing the adjusted MTD, which could differ vastly to the overall MTD. These two extensions can be added onto the originally developed EWOC model in order to increase the accuracy of the model for the MTD. We believe that this is the first method to incorporate covariates into EWOC, ultimately forming the method EWOC-NETS with Covariates. To assess the performance of this model, simulation studies will be conducted between EWOC-NETS and EWOC-NETS with Covariates provided under multiple scenarios. The thesis is organized as follows: 1) the proposed methods and simulation sce- narios are described in Section 2; 2) the results of the simulations and performance of the models are shown in Section 3; and 3) a thorough discussion of the practicality a...
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  • Conclusions and Recommendations The demonstration and evaluation process provided an opportunity to test community specific tools with a range of end users from the memory institution domain and to gain greater insight into both the current and future evolution of the SHAMAN prototypes for preservation, access and re-use. Xxxx et al. (2000) in their user evaluation study of the Alexandria Digital Library which incorporated the evaluation of a Web prototype by earth scientists, information specialists and educators raised four key questions in relation to their findings that SHAMAN may be well advised to consider, they are paraphrased here with our conclusions from the investigations. What have we learned about our target organizations and potential users?  Memory institutions are most definitely not a homogenised group; their needs and requirements differ greatly across the domain.  Representatives of the archives community are agreed on the benefits of SHAMAN‟s authenticity validation function.  The representatives of government information services remained unconvinced as to the need or benefit of grid technologies or distributed ingest while librarians saw the value of grid access as an asset of the framework. What have we learned about the evaluation approach for digital preservation?  Within the limits of the exercise, in terms of time-frame and resources, the approach adopted has generated useful information for the further development of demonstrators and for the development of the SHAMAN framework overall. What have we learned about the SHAMAN ISP1 demonstrator?  Respondents to the evaluation questionnaires and the focus groups indicate that, overall, the presentation of the demonstrator worked effectively and that, in general, participants in the demonstration and evaluation events were able to understand the intentions of the demonstration and to apply the ideas presented to their own context. What have we learned about the applicability of the SHAMAN framework to memory institutions?  Respondents to the questionnaires and participants in the focus groups readily identified the value of the SHAMAN framework to their own operations. The majority had not yet established a long-term digital preservation policy, but recognized the need. Generally, the concepts of distributed ingest and grid operations found favour.  Virtually all practitioners in the focus groups, however, drew attention to need of a lower level demonstration that would be closer to their everyday preservation troubles, especially for digital preservation to be applied to non-textual materials, such as film, photographs and sound archives. In addition to the criteria suggested by Xxxx et al., we can add a further project-related question: What have we learned that has implications for the training and dissemination phase of the Project?  It was not part of the remit of the demonstration and evaluation specifically to discover information of relevance to the training and dissemination function. However, a number of factors will affect the efficacy of any training programme in particular. o First, no common understanding of digital preservation can be assumed of the potential target audiences for training. Consequently, it is likely that self-paced learning materials will be most effective in presenting the SHAMAN framework. o Secondly, the aims of SHAMAN as a project must be conveyed clearly: specifically, that it is a kind of „proof-of-concept‟ project and is not intended to deliver a package of programs capable of being implemented by institutions. o Thirdly, it needs to be emphasised that the SHAMAN framework is not limited to text documents; it can be applied to materials of all kinds. However, the demonstrations relate to bodies of material that were actually available for use. o Fourthly, the existing presentation materials are capable of being adapted for use in training activities. o Finally, the target audiences will appreciate the possibility of online access to the demonstrator, which will need to have very great ease of access in order that people with diverse backgrounds are able to use it with equal facility. We believe that, overall, WP14 has met its aims and objectives in this demonstration and evaluation of ISP1. Valuable lessons have been learnt by all parties involved, which will be transferred to the evaluation of ISP2 in the coming months.

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