HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY EVOLUTION ACCOUNT Sample Clauses

HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY EVOLUTION ACCOUNT. FOR POPULATION SUBDIVISION IN RACCOON (PROCYON LOTOR) POPULATIONS IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES Landscape genetics, a newly emerging field combining molecular population genetics and landscape ecology, can be used to understand how heterogeneity across the landscape affects population structuring at different geographic and temporal scales (Sork et al. 1999; Xxxxx et al. 2003). Since rabies is a directly transmitted pathogen requiring animal to animal contact for transmission, it is reasonable to assume that landscape factors that act as obstacles to raccoon movement will also act as barriers to RRV progression (Real and Xxxx 2007; Cullingham et al. 2008; Cullingham et al. 2009). The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that the Northeastern-Central and Northern Florida Suture-Zones, areas of geographic overlap between major biotic assemblages with the potential for hybridization, (Remington 1968; Xxxxxxx and Xxxxxx 2004) have acted as geographic barriers to gene flow in raccoons and their associated pathogen, RRV. Although these areas are presumed to represent historical barriers, it is unclear whether they constitute contemporary barriers or if secondary contact has resulted in gene flow and/or population mixing. By examining a combination of nuclear and mitochondrial markers, we can distinguish between potential historical and contemporary boundaries. This knowledge should provide insight into how RRV has spread across the landscape and will help to inform on rabies management strategies. If the defined suture-zones have affected raccoon gene flow historically, then one would expect to find mitochondrial differentiation representing regional population genetic subdivision. If the suture-zones represent current barriers to gene flow, then the observed pattern of genetic differentiation should hold when examined with microsatellite markers; however, if secondary contact has occurred, then raccoons should form single populations (i.e., no genetic sub-structuring based on the microsatellite data) in the suture-zone regions. Alternatively, the suture-zones may not correspond to raccoon subdivision at all, in which case, genetic structure would not be detected at either temporal scale in those areas.
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