Itaconic acid Sample Clauses

Itaconic acid. Itaconic acid is a granulated light yellow powder that can be processed into a polymer which may be used to replace petroleum-based polyacrylic acids which are used in diapers, feminine pads, detergents, cosmetics, inks and cleaners. Itaconic acid is an unsaturated C5 dicarboxylic acid. It is industrially produced by fermentation of carbohydrates such as glucose using fungi such as aspergillus terreus. Also, there is potential to produce itaconic acid from wood through aerobic fungal fermentation of xylose. Aspergillus terreus is the chief fungus used. With a glucose substrate (C6 sugars), yields are in the range of 40%-60%. Yields from C5 sugars are in the range of 15%-30%. Research promises enhanced production by using different genetically modified microorganisms. Common feedstocks for itaconic acid production are corn and rice. Full substitution potential of itaconic acid from lignocellulosic feedstocks is expected. So far, the use of itaconic acid in industry has been limited by the high cost of its production. The U.S. Department of Energy identified itaconic acid as among the top twelve candidates for chemical production from biomass. However, itaconic acid related projects are less funded compared to other molecules. There is still a need for new biotechnology innovations that would help to reduce the production costs, such as innovative process development and strain improvement to allow the use of a low-quality carbon source. Furthermore, itaconic acid will always have competition from other diacids such as succinic and adipic acid in different applications. Itaconic acid is primarily used as a speciality monomer or co-monomer for synthetic resins, synthetic fibers, plastics, rubbers, surfactants, and oil additives; primary co-monomer use in the production of styrene-butadiene-acrylonitrile and acrylate latexes with applications in the paper and architectural coating industry. The global production of itaconic acid was estimated to have amounted to 41,400 metric tons in 2011 (Weastra 2012). Almost the entire production had taken place in China. According to Weastra 2012, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) was the main single application with 43.9%. Figure 9: Global itaconic acid market shares by applications in 2011 Source: Weastra 2012 There is further usage potential in the manufacture of acrylic fibers, detergents (e.g. dispersant and soil anti-redeposition in laundry and automatic dishwasher detergents), adhesives, thickeners and binders, and a r...
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