Metabolic syndrome and child maltreatment Sample Clauses

Metabolic syndrome and child maltreatment. In the past decade there has been an explosion of interest in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and physical health problems (Xxxxxx et al., 2012). Specific to the metabolic syndrome, a large number of studies have investigated the effect of childhood maltreatment on obesity and other metabolic parameters, many in the context of risk for CVD. These studies have included retrospective and prospective epidemiological studies. For example, in a retrospective cohort study of 13,177 US adults, reports of CPA predicted obesity (Xxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, Anda, Xxxxx, & Xxxxxxx, 2002). In a meta-analysis into the effects of CSA that included 31 studies, an overall effect of a history of CSA on elevated adulthood BMI was observed (Irish, Xxxxxxxxx, & Xxxxxxxxx, 2010). Furthermore, in a recent meta-analysis conducted into the effects of CPA, emotional abuse and neglect, which included 124 studies, a significantly increased risk for obesity was observed for CPA and emotional abuse (Xxxxxx et al., 2012). Finally, in a prospective longitudinal study involving 8,471 US adolescent who have been followed into young adulthood, child neglect was associated with a faster than average rate of BMI growth over time (Xxxx & Xxxxxx, 2012). In a prospective longitudinal study of 9,310 British adults, a history of child maltreatment was associated with elevated glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and obesity in middle adulthood (Xxxxxx, Xxxxxxxx, & Xxxxx, 2008). In a longitudinal US study involving 342 middle aged women, a history of childhood maltreatment predicted incident metabolic syndrome over the course of seven years (Midei, Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxx, & Xxxxxxxxxx, 2013). Furthermore, in a study of 95 first-episode psychosis patients, childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with increased TG levels compared to controls (Xxxxxx et al., 2012). These studies demonstrate the link between various types of child abuse and neglect and components of the metabolic syndrome. Key proposed pathways from child maltreatment to metabolic ill health include chronic inflammation and maladaptive eating patterns (Xxxxxxx et al., 2003; Xxxxxx et al., 2009).
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