Non-Solicitation and Non-Competition Executive and the Company agree that the Company would suffer irreparable harm and incur substantial damage if Executive were to enter into Competition (as defined herein) with the Company. Therefore, in order for the Company to protect its legitimate business interests, Executive agrees as follows:
(i) Without the prior written consent of the Company, Executive shall not, during the period of employment with the Company, directly or indirectly, invest or engage in any business that is Competitive (as defined herein) with the Business of the Company or accept employment or render services to a Competitor (as defined herein) of the Company as a director, officer, agent, employee or consultant or solicit or attempt to solicit or accept business that is Competitive with the Business of the Company, except that Executive may own up to five percent (5%) of any outstanding class of securities of any company registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; provided, however, the Company acknowledges that Executive currently engages in a number of activities set forth on Exhibit B as long as such permitted activities do not have a material adverse effect on the Executive’s performance or this Agreement.
(ii) Without the prior written consent of the Company and upon any termination of Executive’s employment with the Company and for a period of twelve (12) months thereafter, Executive shall not, either directly or indirectly, (x) invest or engage in any business that is Competitive (as defined herein) with the Business of the Company, except that Executive may own up to five percent (5%) of any outstanding class of securities of any company registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (y) accept employment with or render services to a Competitor of the Company as a director, officer, agent, employee or consultant unless he is serving in a capacity that has no relationship to that portion of the Competitor’s business that is Competitive with the Business of the Company, or (z) solicit, attempt to solicit or accept business Competitive with the Business of the Company from any of the customers of the Company at the time of his termination or within twelve (12) months prior thereto or from any person or entity whose business the Company was soliciting at such time.
(iii) Upon termination of his employment with the Company, and for a period of twelve (12) months thereafter, Executive shall not, either directly or indirectly, engage, hire, employ or solicit in any manner whatsoever the employment of an employee of the Company.
(iv) For purposes of this Agreement, a business or activity is in “Competition” or “Competitive” with the Business of the Company if it involves, and a person or entity is a “Competitor”, if that person or entity is engaged in, or about to become engaged in, the research, development, design, manufacturing, marketing or selling of a specific product or technology that resembles, competes, or is designed to compete, with, or has applications similar to any product or technology for which the Company has obtained or applied for a patent or made disclosures, or any product or technology involving any other proprietary research or development engaged in or conducted by the Company during the Term of Executive’s employment with the Company.
Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation The Executive acknowledges that during the Executive’s employment with the Company prior to and after the Effective Date, (i) the Executive has had and will continue to have access to trade secrets and other Confidential Information of the Company, which, if disclosed, would unfairly and inappropriately assist in competition against the Company; (ii) in the course of the Executive’s employment by a Competitor during the Restricted Period, the Executive would inevitably use or disclose such trade secrets and Confidential Information; (iii) the Company has substantial relationships with its customers and the Executive has had and will continue to have access to these customers; (iv) the Executive has generated and will continue to generate goodwill for the Company in the course of the Executive’s employment and (v) the Executive’s services are unique and irreplaceable. Therefore, in consideration of the Executive’s continued employment with the Company, of the compensation and benefits provided to the Executive under this Agreement, of MFA’s agreement to make severance benefits available pursuant to Section 5, and of the Executive’s being granted access to the customers, trade secrets and other Confidential Information of the Company, the Executive agrees that the following restrictions on the Executive’s activities during and after the Executive’s employment are necessary, appropriate and reasonable to protect the goodwill, Confidential Information and other legitimate interests of the Company from unfair and inappropriate competition:
(i) During the Restricted Period, the Executive will not, without the prior written consent of MFA, within the United States, manage, operate, control or be connected as a stockholder (other than as a holder of shares publicly traded on a stock exchange or the NASDAQ National Market System, provided that the Executive shall not own more than five percent of the outstanding shares of any publicly traded company) or partner with, or serve as an officer, director, employee or consultant of, any Competitor.
(ii) During the Restricted Period, the Executive will not, without the prior written consent of MFA, directly or indirectly (individually, or through or on behalf of another entity as owner, partner, agent, employee, consultant, or in any other capacity), engage in any activity intentionally to interfere with, disrupt, diminish or damage the business of the Company, or its relationship with any client, supplier or other business relationship of the Company.
(iii) During the Executive’s employment with the Company and during the period commencing on the Executive’s date of termination of employment for any reason and ending on the second anniversary of the Executive’s termination of employment, the Executive will not, without the prior written consent of MFA, directly or indirectly (individually, or through or on behalf of another entity as owner, partner, agent, employee, consultant, or in any other capacity), (A) solicit, encourage, or engage in any activity to induce any employee of MFA or its affiliates to terminate employment with MFA or its affiliates, or to become employed by, or to enter into a business relationship with, any other person or entity; or (B) hire or retain any person who was an employee of MFA or its affiliates within the six month period preceding such action; provided that, (x) this Section 7(b)(iii) shall not apply to any administrative employee of MFA or its affiliates or any person who was an administrative employee of MFA or its affiliates and (y) any hiring or solicitation pursuant to a general solicitation conducted by an entity that has hired or agreed to hire the Executive and that does not directly or indirectly target current or former employees of MFA or its affiliates, or by a headhunter employed by such entity, which in either case does not involve the Executive, shall not be a violation of this Section 7(b)(iii).
Non-Competition, Non-Solicitation and Non-Disparagement (a) During the Term, the Executive shall not (1) provide any services, directly or indirectly, to any other business or commercial entity without the consent of the Board or (2) participate in the formation of any business or commercial entity without the consent of the Board; provided, however, that nothing contained in this Section 5(a) shall be deemed to prohibit the Executive from acquiring, solely as an investment, shares of capital stock (or other interests) of any corporation (or other entity) not exceeding two percent (2%) of such corporation’s (or other entity’s) then-outstanding shares of capital stock (or other interests).
(b) If this Agreement is terminated by the Company for Cause (as defined in Section 6(c)) or if the Executive terminates this Agreement other than in accordance with Section 7 or 8 hereof, or if the Executive is receiving Severance Payments in accordance with Section 9(c) or payments under Section 9(d), then for a period of one (1) year following the date of termination the Executive shall not (1) provide any services, directly or indirectly, to any other business or commercial entity in the Company’s Field of Interest (as defined in Section 12), (2) solicit any customers or suppliers of the Company, (3) attempt to persuade or encourage customers or suppliers of the Company not to do business with the Company and/or to do business with a competitor of the Company, (4) participate in the formation of any business or commercial entity engaged primarily in the Company’s Field of Interest, or (5) directly or indirectly employ, or seek to employ or secure the services in any capacity of, any person employed at that time by the Company or any of its Affiliates, or otherwise encourage or entice any such person to leave such employment; provided, however, that nothing contained in this Section 5(b) shall be deemed to prohibit the Executive from acquiring, solely as an investment, shares of capital stock (or other interests) of any corporation (or other entity) in the Company’s Field of Interest not exceeding two percent (2%) of such corporation’s (or other entity’s) then outstanding shares of capital stock (or other interests). This Section 5(b) shall be subject to written waivers, which may be obtained by the Executive from the Company.
(c) At no time during the Term of this Agreement or thereafter will the Executive knowingly make any written or oral untrue statement or any statement that disparages the Company or its Affiliates or will the Company knowingly make any written or oral untrue statement or any statement that disparages the Executive.
(d) If the Executive commits a breach, or threatens to commit a breach, of any of the provisions of this Section 5, the Company shall have the right and remedy to have the provisions of this Agreement, as the case may be, specifically enforced by any court having equity jurisdiction, it being acknowledged and agreed that any such breach or threatened breach will cause irreparable injury to the Company and that money damages will not provide an adequate remedy to the Company.
(e) If any of the covenants contained in this Section 5 or any part hereof or thereof, is hereafter construed to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable by a court or regulatory agency or tribunal of competent jurisdiction, such court, agency or tribunal shall have the power, and hereby is directed, to substitute for or limit such provision(s) in order as closely as possible to effectuate the original intent of the parties with respect to such invalid, illegal or unenforceable covenant(s) generally and so to enforce such substituted covenant(s). Subject to the foregoing, the invalidity, illegality or unenforceability of any one or more of the covenants contained in this Section 5 shall not affect the validity of any other provision hereof, which shall be given full effect without regard to the invalid portions.
(f) If any of the covenants contained in this Section 5, or any part hereof or thereof, is held to be unenforceable because of the duration of such provision, the area covered thereby or the extent thereof, the parties agree that the tribunal making such determination shall have the power, and hereby is directed, to reduce the duration, area and/or extent of such provision and, in its reduced form, such provision shall then be enforceable.
(g) Anything else contained in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, the parties hereto intend to and hereby do confer jurisdiction to enforce the covenants contained in this Section 5 A upon the courts of any state within the geographical scope of such covenants. In the event that the courts of any one or more of such states shall hold any such covenant wholly unenforceable by reason of the breadth of such scope or otherwise, it is the intention of the parties hereto that such determination not bar or in any way affect the Company’s right to the relief provided above in the courts of any other state within the geographical scope of such other covenants, as to breaches of such covenants in such other jurisdictions, the above covenants as they relate to each state being, for this purpose, severable into diverse and independent covenants.
Non-Solicitation and Non-Compete Notwithstanding any provision of this SAR Agreement, if at any time prior to the date that is one year after the date of exercise of all or any portion of the SAR, the Participant directly or indirectly:
(i) breaches or violates Section 6(a) of this SAR Agreement; or
(ii) employs, recruits or solicits for employment any person who is (or was within the six (6) months prior to the Participant’s employment termination date) an employee of the Company and/or any Subsidiary; or
(iii) accepts employment or engages in a competing business that may require contact, solicitation, interference or diverting of any of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s customers, or that may result in the disclosure, divulging, or other use of Confidential Information or Company Materials acquired during the Participant’s employment with the Company or any Subsidiary; or
(iv) solicits or encourages any customer, vendor or potential customer or vendor of the Company or any Subsidiary with whom the Participant had contact while employed by the Company or any Subsidiary to terminate or otherwise alter his, her or its relationship with the Company or any Subsidiary. The Participant understands that any person or entity that the Participant contacted during the twelve (12) months prior to the date of the Participant’s termination of employment for the purpose of soliciting sales from such person or entity shall be regarded as a “potential customer” of the Company to whom the Company or a Subsidiary has a protectable proprietary interest; the SAR shall terminate automatically on the date the Participant engages in such activity and the Participant shall pay the Company, within five business days of receipt by the Participant of a written demand therefor, an amount in cash determined by multiplying the number of Shares as to which the SAR was exercised within the one-year period described above by the difference between (i) the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of such exercise and (ii) the SAR Price per SAR (without reduction for any Shares withheld by the Company pursuant to Section 3(c)).
Non-Solicitation; Non-Competition (a) In further consideration of the compensation to be paid to Executive hereunder, Executive acknowledges that in the course of his employment with the Company Group, he has and will continue to become familiar with the Company Group’s trade secrets and with other Confidential Information concerning the Company Group and that his services shall be of special, unique and extraordinary value to the Company Group. Therefore, Executive agrees that while an employee of the Company Group, Executive will not directly or indirectly compete against any member of the Company Group or directly or indirectly divert or attempt to divert any business from any member of the Company Group anywhere such company is doing business.
(b) Executive agrees that for the twelve (12) months following the termination of his employment, Executive will not, directly or indirectly, solicit for the purpose of providing, or otherwise provide, any products or services competitive with the products or services offered by (or planned to be offered by, assuming Executive was aware of those plans while employed by Company) the Company Group to any customer of the Company Group with whom/which Executive had contact on behalf of the Company Group during the twenty-four (24) months preceding the end of Executive’s employment with the Company.
(c) Executive agrees that for the twelve (12) months following the termination of his employment, Executive will not, directly or indirectly, solicit for the purpose of providing, or otherwise provide, any products or services competitive with the products or services offered by (or planned to be offered by, assuming Executive was aware of those plans while employed by Company) the Company Group to any customer of the Company Group about whom/which Executive acquired non-public information during the twenty-four (24) months preceding the end of Executive’s employment with the Company.
(d) Executive agrees that for the twelve (12) months following the termination of his employment, Executive will not request or advise any customer, supplier, licensee, licensor, landlord or other business relation of the Company Group with whom/which Executive had contact on behalf of the Company Group during the twenty-four (24) months preceding the termination of Executive’s employment with the Company to withdraw, curtail or cancel its business dealings with such member of the Company Group.
(e) Executive agrees that for the twelve (12) months following the termination of his employment, Executive will not directly or indirectly recruit or solicit any employee of the Company Group for employment or encourage any employee of the Company Group to leave such member of the Company Group’s employ. An employee shall be deemed covered by this clause (e) while employed by the Company Group and for a period of twelve (12) months thereafter.
(f) In addition, Executive agrees that for the twelve (12) months following the termination of his employment, Executive will not provide, in any capacity, Restricted Services to any business located in the United States or Germany which provides services or products competitive with those sold or provided by any member of the Company Group during the twenty-four (24) months preceding the end of Executive’s employment with the Company. The term “Restricted Services” shall mean services similar to those which Executive provided any member of the Company Group during the twenty-four (24) months preceding Executive’s termination of employment, for whatever reason, and which would involve use or disclosure of the Company’s Confidential Information.
Non-Competition; Non-Solicitation (a) In consideration of this Agreement, the Executive agrees that, for the period ending one year after the termination of the Executive's employment with the Company by the Company for Cause or by the Executive without Good Reason (the "Non-Competition Period"), the Executive will not, directly or indirectly (whether as a sole proprietor, partner or venturer, stockholder, director, officer, employee, consultant or in any other capacity as principal or agent or through any Person, subsidiary or employee acting as nominee or agent):
(i) conduct or engage in or be interested in or associated with any Person which conducts or engages in the Triarco Business within the United States;
(ii) take any action, directly or indirectly, to finance, guarantee or provide any other material assistance to any Person engaged in the Triarco Business;
(iii) solicit, contact or accept business of any client or counterparty whom the Company served or conducted business with or whose name became known to the Executive as a potential client or counterparty while in the employ of the Company or during the Non-Competition Period; or
(iv) influence or attempt to influence any Person that is a contracting party with the Company at any time during the Non-Competition Period to terminate any written or oral agreement with the Company.
(b) The Executive shall neither, either on the Executive's own account or in conjunction with or on behalf of any other Person, solicit or entice away from the Company any officer, employee or customer of the Company during the term hereof or the Non-Competition Period nor engage, hire, employ, or induce the employment of any such Person whether or not such officer, employee or customer would commit a breach of contract by reason of leaving service or transferring business.
(c) The restrictive provisions hereof shall not prohibit the Executive from (i) having an equity interest in the securities of any entity engaged in the Triarco Business or any business with respect to which the Executive obtained confidential or proprietary data or information, which entity's securities are listed on a nationally-recognized securities exchange or quotation system or traded in the over-the-counter market, to the extent that such interest does not exceed 5% of the outstanding equity interests of such entity, (ii) investing as a passive investor in an entity engaging in the Triarco Business that is not so listed or traded, so long as such interest does not exceed 5% of the outstanding equity interests of such entity or (iii) with the prior written consent of the Company, serving as a director or other advisor to any other Person.
(d) The Executive agrees that the covenants contained in this Section 10 are reasonable covenants under the circumstances, and further agrees that if in the opinion of a court of competent jurisdiction, such restraint is not reasonable in any respect, such court shall have the right, power and authority to excise or modify such provision or provisions of these covenants which as to such court shall appear not reasonable and to enforce the remainder thereof as so amended.
Non-Solicitation; Non-Interference During the Term and for a period of one year following the termination of the Executive’s employment for any reason, the Executive agrees that he/she will not, directly or indirectly, for the Executive’s benefit or for the benefit of any other person or entity, do any of the following:
(1) solicit from any customer doing business with the Group during the Term business of the same or of a similar nature to the Business;
(2) solicit from any known potential customer of the Group business of the same or of a similar nature to that which has been the subject of a known written or oral bid, offer or proposal by the Group, or of substantial preparation with a view to making such a bid, proposal or offer;
(3) solicit the employment or services of, or hire or engage, any person who is known to be employed or engaged by the Group; or
(4) otherwise interfere with the business or accounts of the Group, including, but not limited to, with respect to any relationship or agreement between the Group and any vendor or supplier.
Non-Solicitation and Non-Interference 5.1 The Company, Employer and Employee hereby mutually agree that the nature of Employer’s business and Employee’s employment hereunder are based on the Company’s and Employer’s goodwill, public perception, and customer relations. Therefore, ancillary to this otherwise enforceable agreement and in exchange for Employee being provided access to the Confidential Information and the other agreements and consideration set forth herein, Employee hereby agrees and covenants to each and all of the following:
(a) During the Term and the longer of (i) the period of 12 months following the termination of this Agreement or (ii) the conclusion of the Salary Continuation Period, Employee hereby covenants and agrees that Employee will not, either directly, indirectly or through a subsidiary or an affiliate, solicit (x) any customer of the Company or its subsidiaries and affiliates that has utilized the services or products of the Company during the twelve (12) month period prior to the termination of this Agreement for the purpose of causing such customer to cease doing business with the Employer or (y) anyone with whom Employee had contact during the Term during the twelve (12) month period prior to the termination of this Agreement for purposes of selling products or services to such person that are in competition with the products or services offered or sold by the Company or its subsidiaries and affiliates.
(b) During the Term and the longer of (i) the period of 12 months following the termination of this Agreement or (ii) the conclusion of the Salary Continuation Period, Employee hereby agrees not to employ or otherwise engage , either directly, indirectly or through an affiliate, any employee or independent contractor of the Company or its subsidiaries and affiliates or any individual who was an employee or independent contractor of the Company or its subsidiaries and affiliates at any time during the twelve (12) month period prior to the termination of this Agreement, with whom Employee had contact during the Term. Further, Employee agrees not to contact in any manner any such employee or independent contractor for the purpose of encouraging such employee or independent contractor to leave or terminate his or her employment or engagement with the Company or its subsidiaries and affiliates.
(c) During the Term and the longer of (i) the period of 12 months following the termination of this Agreement or (ii) the conclusion of the Salary Continuation Period, Employee hereby agrees not to interfere or attempt to interfere with the relationship of the Company or any of its subsidiaries with any person who at the relevant time is an employee, contractor, supplier, or customer of the Company or its subsidiaries and affiliates.
5.2 Employee acknowledges and agrees that the length and scope of the restrictions contained in Section 5.1 are reasonable and necessary to protect the legitimate business interests of the Company and its subsidiaries. The duration of the agreements contained in Section 5.1 shall be extended for the amount of any time of any violation thereof and the time, if greater, necessary to enforce such provisions or obtain any relief or damages for such violation through the court system. If any covenant in Section 5.1 of this Agreement is held to be unreasonable, arbitrary, or against public policy, such covenant will be considered to be divisible with respect to scope and time, and such lesser scope or time, or either of them, as an arbitrator or a court of competent jurisdiction may determine to be reasonable, not arbitrary, and not against public policy, will be effective, binding, and enforceable against Employee. In the event of termination of Employee’s employment with Employer for any reason, Employee consents to Employer communicating with Employee’s new employer, any entity in the business or through or in connection with which Employee is restricted hereunder, or any other party about the restrictions and obligations imposed on Employee under this Agreement.
5.3 In the event the Company or its subsidiaries shall file a lawsuit in any court of jurisdiction alleging a breach of any of Employee’s obligations under Section 5.1 of this Agreement, the Non-Solicitation and Non-Interference periods referenced in Section 5.1 shall be tolled during any time Employee was in breach of those obligations.
Non-Competition; Non-Solicitation; Non-Disparagement (a) The Company shall provide Employee access to Confidential Information for use only during the Employment Period, and Employee acknowledges and agrees that the Company Group will be entrusting Employee, in Employee’s unique and special capacity, with developing the goodwill of the Company Group, and as an express incentive for the Company to enter into this Agreement and employ Employee hereunder, Employee has voluntarily agreed to the covenants set forth in this Section 10. Employee agrees and acknowledges that the limitations and restrictions set forth herein, including geographical and temporal restrictions on certain competitive activities, are reasonable in scope and purpose in all respects, do not interfere with public interests, will not cause Employee undue hardship, and are material and substantial parts of this Agreement intended and necessary to prevent unfair competition and to protect the Company Group’s Confidential Information, goodwill and legitimate business interests.
(b) During the Prohibited Period, Employee shall not, without the prior written approval of the Board, directly or indirectly, for Employee or on behalf of or in conjunction with any other person or entity of any nature:
(i) engage in or participate within the Market Area in competition with any member of the Company Group in any aspect of the Business, including by directly or indirectly: (A) owning, managing, operating, or being an officer or director of, any business that competes with any member of the Company Group in the Market Area, or (B) joining, becoming an employee or consultant of, or otherwise being affiliated with, any person or entity engaged in, or planning to engage in, the Business in the Market Area in competition, or anticipated competition, with any member of the Company Group in any capacity (with respect to this clause (B)) in which Employee’s duties or responsibilities are the same as or similar to the duties or responsibilities that Employee had on behalf of any member of the Company Group;
(ii) appropriate any Business Opportunity of, or relating to, any member of the Company Group located in the Market Area;
(iii) solicit, canvass, approach, encourage, entice or induce any customer or supplier of any member of the Company Group to cease or lessen such customer’s or supplier’s business with any member of the Company Group; or
(iv) solicit, canvass, approach, encourage, entice or induce any employee or contractor of any member of the Company Group to terminate his, her or its employment or engagement with any member of the Company Group.
(c) Because of the difficulty of measuring economic losses to the Company Group as a result of a breach or threatened breach of the covenants set forth in Section 9 and in this Section 10, and because of the immediate and irreparable damage that would be caused to the members of the Company Group for which they would have no other adequate remedy, the Company and each other member of the Company Group shall be entitled to enforce the foregoing covenants, in the event of a breach or threatened breach, by injunctions and restraining orders from any court of competent jurisdiction, without the necessity of showing any actual damages or that money damages would not afford an adequate remedy, and without the necessity of posting any bond or other security. The aforementioned equitable relief shall not be the Company’s or any other member of the Company Group’s exclusive remedy for a breach but instead shall be in addition to all other rights and remedies available to the Company and each other member of the Company Group at law and equity.
(d) The covenants in this Section 10, and each provision and portion hereof, are severable and separate, and the unenforceability of any specific covenant (or portion thereof) shall not affect the provisions of any other covenant (or portion thereof). Moreover, in the event any arbitrator or court of competent jurisdiction shall determine that the scope, time or territorial restrictions set forth are unreasonable, then it is the intention of the parties that such restrictions be enforced to the fullest extent which such arbitrator or court deems reasonable, and this Agreement shall thereby be reformed.
(e) The following terms shall have the following meanings:
Confidentiality, Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Employee agrees, as a condition to Employee’s employment with the Company, to execute the Company’s standard form of Employee Non-Disclosure, Invention Release and Non-Competition Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A.
