Opacity. This is the degree to which a coating will obscure the surface to which it has been applied. Opacity is measured in a similar way to shade, however opacity, or hiding power, as defined by ISO 2814 involves measuring whiteness of a known film of test material on both a black (less than 5%) and a white (greater than 75%, less than 85%) substrate. A full range of opacity test charts are available – See Leneta Test Charts for further information.
Opacity. [326 IAC 2-9-7(b)(4)(F)] Fugitive particulate matter (PM) emissions shall be controlled by applying water on storage piles and unpaved roadways on an “as needed” basis, such that the following visible emission conditions are met:
(a) The visible emissions from any storage pile shall not exceed twenty percent (20%) in twenty-four (24) consecutive readings in a six (6) minute period. This limitation shall not apply during periods when application of control measures are ineffective or unreasonable due to sustained high wind speeds. The opacity shall be determined using 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Method 9, except that the opacity shall be observed at approximately four (4) feet from the surface at the point of maximum opacity. The observer shall stand approxi- mately fifteen (15) feet from the plume and at approximately right angles to the plume.
(b) The visible emissions from unpaved roadways shall not exceed an average instantaneous opacity of twenty percent (20%). Average instantaneous opacity shall be the average of twelve (12) instantaneous opacity readings, taken for four (4) vehicle passes, consisting of three (3) opacity readings for each vehicle pass. The three (3) opacity readings for each vehicle pass shall be taken as follows:
(1) The first reading shall be taken at the time of emission generation.
(2) The second reading shall be taken five (5) seconds later.
(3) The third reading shall be taken five (5) seconds after the second reading, or ten
Opacity. 6/25/1998 12/29/2008 [Insert FR page number where document be- gins]. 252:100–17–4 ........... Particulate matter ....................... 6/25/1998 12/29/2008 [Insert FR page number where document be- gins]. 252:100–17–5 ........... Incinerator design requirements 6/1/2001 12/29/2008 [Insert FR page number where document be- gins]. 252:100–17–5.1 Alternative incinerator design re- quirements. 6/1/2001 12/29/2008 [Insert FR page number where document be- gins].
Opacity. Lack of data on aspects of the repo market, including rates and volume, added to uncertainty during the crisis. Subsequently, the Fed and the Office of Financial Research (OFR) have attempted to gather more comprehensive data. The Fed has long published data on repos involving primary dealers (large Treasury security dealers), and in 2010 began publishing data on triparty repos. In 2019, OFR issued a rule to collect data on repos cleared by FICC. Since 2018, the Fed has published data on key repo rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate. Regulators still do not collect comprehensive data on all types of repos, however. Under EPR, large banks are subject to new liquidity rules. Some, but not all, of the securities dealers active in repo markets are owned by large banks. Certain rules already implemented make large banks less reliant on short-term borrowing. However, the Net Stable Funding Ratio rule— which would directly limit their use of repos—has not been regulation changed how repos were netted when a failing G-SIB is resolved to maintain its value. The Fed also intervenes in repo markets to conduct monetary policy. Called open market operations, the Fed uses repos and reverse repos to affect overall liquidity and target the federal funds rate, its primary monetary policy target. Traditionally, the Fed’s repo counterparties have been the primary dealers. In 2013, the Fed created a standing facility called the Overnight Reverse Repurchase Operations Facility to expand its operations to more counterparties. (At this facility, the Fed is the cash borrower.) The Fed also provides reverse repos to foreign official institutions as part of its services to them. During the financial crisis, the Fed intervened heavily in repo markets to restore overall liquidity. Because of the severity of the crisis, this intervention alone could not restore liquidity for all firms, and the Fed was forced to lend directly to securities dealers and others. Changes following the crisis in how monetary policy is conducted had ended the Fed’s use of repos (but not reverse repos). However, the Fed has regularly used repos again since a spike in repo rates in September 2019. Repos remain an inherently unreliable source of funding in a crisis, even if large banks are less reliant on them following postcrisis reforms. The Fed can intervene in repo markets to restore overall market liquidity, but it cannot ensure all nonbank borrowers individually have access to liquidity bec...
Opacity. The opacity must be 88.
Opacity. [326 IAC 2-9-8]
(a) The fugitive particulate matter (PM) emissions of this source shall be controlled by applying water on all storage piles and unpaved roadways on an as needed basis, such that the following visible emission conditions are met:
(b) The visible emissions from any storage pile shall not exceed twenty percent (20%) in twenty- four (24) consecutive readings in a six (6) minute period. This limitation shall not apply during periods when application of control measures are ineffective or unreasonable due to sustained high wind speeds. The opacity shall be determined using 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Method 9, except that the opacity shall be observed at approximately four (4) feet from the surface at the point of maximum opacity. The observer shall stand at least fifteen (15) feet, but no more than one-fourth (1/4) mile, from the plume and at approximately right angles to the plume.
(c) The visible emissions from unpaved roadways shall not exceed an average instantaneous opacity of twenty percent (20%). Average instantaneous opacity shall be the average of twelve (12) instantaneous opacity readings, taken for four (4) vehicle passes, consisting of three (3) opacity readings for each vehicle pass. The three (3) opacity readings for each vehicle pass shall be taken as follows:
(1) The first reading shall be taken at the time of emission generation.
(2) The second reading shall be taken five (5) seconds after the first.
(3) The third reading shall be taken five (5) seconds after the second reading, or ten
Opacity. [326 IAC 5-1]
(a) Opacity shall not exceed an average of thirty percent (30%) in any one (1) six (6) minute averaging period as determined in 326 IAC 5-1-4.
(b) Opacity shall not exceed sixty percent (60%) for more than a cumulative total of fifteen
Opacity. Assurances that contaminants emitted to the atmosphere, for a period or periods of three minutes or more within 1 hour shall not exceed Ringlemann 1 or equivalent 20% opacity.
Opacity. No person shall discharge into the ambient air from any single source of emissions any air contaminant, other than uncombined water, in excess of 20% opacity.
Opacity. [326 IAC 5-1] Pursuant to 326 IAC 5-1-2 (Opacity Limitations), except as provided in 326 IAC 5-1-3 (Temporary alternative opacity limitations), opacity shall meet the following, unless otherwise stated in this permit:
(a) Opacity shall not exceed an average of forty percent (40%) in any one (1) six (6) minute averaging period as determined in 326 IAC 5-1-4.
(b) Opacity shall not exceed sixty percent (60%) for more than a cumulative total of fifteen (15) minutes (sixty (60) readings) as measured according to 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Method 9 or fifteen (15) one (1) minute nonoverlapping integrated averages for a continuous opacity monitor in a six (6) hour period.
