Pathophysiology of Emphysema Sample Clauses

Pathophysiology of Emphysema. ‌ Emphysema is a debilitating and progressive disease that presents a major health problem globally. It is characterized by gradual, irreversible destruction of lung tissue and loss of elastic recoil within the lungs, causing loss of ability to expel air and efficiently absorb oxygen. Emphysema dramatically reduces a person’s expiratory function, leading to dyspnea (breathlessness), lessened capacity for performing daily living activities, and reduced quality of life. Breathlessness in emphysema is thought to result from three primary problems: 1) loss of parenchymal tissue for gas exchange, 2) gas trapping which limits expiration, and 3) altered breathing mechanics of the chest wall and diaphragm as a result of hyperinflation. Breathlessness during exercise worsens as patients must breathe at even higher lung volumes to exchange sufficient air (dynamic hyperinflation). As emphysema progresses, the diseased, hyperinflated areas of the lung eventually fill the chest cavity, leaving less room for functioning lung tissue and preventing adequate diaphragmatic and chest wall function.
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