Polluter Pays Principle. The question of liability of the respondents to defray the costs of remedial measures can be looked into from another angle, which has come to be accepted universally as a sound principle, viz., the ‘Polluter Pays' principle. The Polluter Pays principle demands that the financial costs of preventing or remedying damage caused by pollution should lie with the undertakings which cause the pollution, or produce the polluting goods. As per this principle, it is not the role of Government to meet the costs involved in either prevention of such damage, or in carrying out remedial action, because it would shift the financial burden of the pollution incident to the taxpayer. The 'Polluter Pays' principle was promoted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) during the 1970s when there was great public interest in environmental issues. During that time there were demands on Governments and other institutions to introduce policies and mechanisms for the protection of the environment and the public from the threats posed by pollution in a modern industrialized world. Since then there has been considerable discussion of the nature of the Polluter Pays principle, but the precise scope of the principle and its implications for those involved in potentially polluting activities have never been satisfactorily agreed, also not in Indian court judgments. In the Rio Conference of 1992 great concern was shown about sustainable development- development which can be sustained by nature with or without mitigation. In other words, it is to maintain delicate balance between industrialization and ecology. While development of industry is essential for the growth of economy, the environment and the ecosystem are also required to be protected. The pollution created as a consequence of development must not exceed the carrying capacity of ecosystem. The Courts in various judgments have developed the basic and essential features of sustainable development. In order to protect sustainable development, it is necessary to implement and enforce some of its main components and ingredients such as- Precautionary Principle, Polluter Pays and Public Trust Doctrine. One can trace foundation of these ingredients in number of judgments delivered by the Supreme Court and the High Courts in India after the Rio Conference, 1992. 659 Ibid.
Polluter Pays Principle. The parties agree that the polluter-pays principle is an important basis for climate policy.
Polluter Pays Principle. 1. When calculating the rate of Community assistance to be provided to a project, due regard must be taken in relation to the application of the polluter pays principle1.
2. The Polluter Pays Principle implies that those who cause environmental damage should bear the costs of avoiding it or compensating for it. Therefore, public financing of environmental policy is in most cases to be avoided, as it should be financed by the polluters themselves as far as they can be identified. 1 Council Recommendation 75/436/Euratom, ECSC, EEC and attached communication
Polluter Pays Principle. Currently a uniform tariff is in place. This tariff is based on the quantity of the water invoiced. A gradual increase of tariffs will be introduced to cover the operation and maintenance of the entire system. The charges to apply will be proportional to the pollution caused by the users and to the real consumption of water. There will be two types of tariffs, namely one for households and another for commercial purposes.
Polluter Pays Principle. 1. When calculating the rate of Community assistance to be provided to a project, due regard must be given to the application of the polluter pays principle14.
2. The Polluter Pays Principle implies that those who cause en- vironmental damage should bear the costs of avoiding it or compen- sating for it. Therefore, public financing of environmental policy is in most cases to be avoided, as it should be financed by the polluters themselves as far as they can be identified. 14 Council Recommendation 75/436/Euratom, ECSC, EEC and attached co- mmunication
5. Ako se najkasnije tri godine nakon zatvaranja Operativnog programa ustanovi da je u operaciji ostvaren prihod koji nije bio uzet u obzir sukladno ovom članku, taj će se prihod vratiti u opći proračun Europske unije, razmjerno neto-doprinosu primljenom iz programa.
6. U svrhu ovog članka, način izvršenja analize troškova-koristi, što uključuje indikativnu diskontnu stopu xxxx xx se primijeniti i referentno razdoblje za ulaganje, naznačen je u Radnom dokumentu br. 4 ili nekim dodatnim ili komplementarnim smjernicama koje o ovom pitanju izdaje Opća uprava Komisije za regionalnu politiku.
7. Odredbe ovog članka ne odnose se na:
(a) aktivnosti koje se sufinanciraju u okviru ove komponente, xxxx je ukupni trošak jednak ili manji od 1 milijun xxxx;
(b) prihode ostvarene tijekom ekonomskog životnog vijeka sufi- nanciranih investicija u slučaju ulaganja u trgovačka društva;
(c) prihode ostvarene u okviru financijskih instrumenata koji omogućuju pristup povratnom financiranju kroz poduzetnički kapi- tal, zajmove i jamstvene fondove. Članak 20.
1. Temeljem članka 19. stavka 8. Okvirne uredbe IPA, za ope- racije koje sufinancira Zajednica u okviru programa financijska sredstva se također mogu primiti i od drugih međunarodnih or- ganizacija, države članice, treće države ili regionalne organizacije.
2. U slučaju nastanka situacije predviđene u stavku 1., bez ob- zira na Poglavlje VIII. ovog Sporazuma o javnoj xxxxxx, ugovorima i nepovratnim sredstvima, Komisija može odlučiti koristiti postupke za nabavu i nepovratna sredstva o kojima su se dogovorili donatori u skladu sa člankom 56. stavkom 2. Financijske uredbe. Komisija xx xxxx uvjeriti da je operativna struktura sposobna primijeniti po- xxxxxx za nabavu i nepovratna sredstva na način koji zadovoljava uvjete iz članka 56. stavka 1. Financijske uredbe.
3. U svrhu ovog Sporazuma, prihvatljivost izdataka za operacije koje su sufinancirane u skladu s ovim člankom počinje ...
