Round trip car sharing Sample Clauses

Round trip car sharing. The impact of roundtrip carsharing can be summarized as follows (Xxxxx and Associates 2016; Xxxxxx and Xxxxxxx (2011), Xxxxxxx et al.(2015a); ITS America (2015); Xxxxxxxxx et al. (2016) ; Xx Xxxx et al. (2014): Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxx (2015); Xxxx et al. (2015); Xxxxxxx and Xxxxx (2013); Xxxxxxxx et al. (2015)):  Several studies find that members of roundtrip carsharing organisations shed one or more personal cars (estimates range from 25% to 30%) or postpone the purchase of a personal car (estimates range from 25 to 66%).  Depending on the study, it is estimated that a single carsharing vehicle replaces 3 to 13 vehicles among carsharing members. As we shall see further (see Section 10), the use of automated vehicles could reduce access time for shared vehicles and further increase the number of private vehicles that are replaced.  Members have fewer cars per person in the household (0. 16 in comparison to 0. 55 for non-users).  Thanks to the reduction in the number of cars, there is also a reduction in the need for parking space.  Joining a roundtrip carsharing organisation is followed by reductions in Vehicle Miles Travelled (VMT) – depending on the study, estimate range from 27 to 80 %. The average net reduction in driving distance by round-trip carsharing users hides that carsharing leads to an increase in driving by some (e.g. people who otherwise would not own a car), which is however more than compensated by a decrease in driving by others (e.g. those who otherwise would be car owners). The decrease in driving by those who have moved away from car ownership could in part be due to the higher salience of the variable costs in the case of carsharing.  The majority of households joining carsharing programs increase their GHG emissions by a small amount. This is however more than compensated by a much larger decrease in emissions by the households who emit less by shedding vehicles and driving less.  Vehicles that are sold tend to be older and less fuel-efficient than vehicles in the carsharing fleet.  Roundtrip carsharing is associated with an important increase in non-motorized modes and carpooling. The estimates of the impact on transit use are more mixed, and some studies even find decreases in the use of transit22.
Sample 1
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Related to Round trip car sharing

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