Steelmaking. During the RECOBA project, a dynamic model for the entire process route of liquid steelmaking has been developed by BFI and validated with the help of process data acquired directly at a steel plant. The analytical model is based on a mass and energy balance, involving thermodynamics as well as kinetics of the temperature relevant metallurgical reactions. The model focuses on monitoring and prediction of the melt temperature and is used in a slightly simplified version for real-time control applications, such as MPC and Iterative Learning control (ILC).
Steelmaking. In this process, DRI and/ or scrap are converted into steel by a refining process that reduces carbon and silicon content and removes impurities. It has been already determined that EAF will be the structured approach to be used in the steel plant of the cluster. Thus, we will describe EAF process. EAFs have the most recent technology in steelmaking and have an important advantage of operating with a cold charge in which scrap can be used up to 100 percent. DRI is a substitute for scrap and used to produce high-grade steel. Quality can be controlled by usage of EAF. Another advantage of the EAF process is its relatively low capital cost per ton of steel produced. In EAF, firstly raw materials are melted and refined in a second vessel. Carbon is removed from molten steel by argon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD) process or reduced into the required low level by oxygen lancing method. Insertion of the ferrous-alloys is done in this process in order to provide the required mechanical properties.
