T-TEST. A five-point Likert scale is employed to assess the perception of faculty in self-financing institutions. This study work utilized the 'one sample t-test' to determine the overall responsibilities of the faculties using a parametric technique, as described below:
T-TEST. Table 4.10.
T-TEST on Share of People of Color Apprentices for PLA and Non-PLA Projects, 2020-2022 Share of People of Color Apprentices: Project-Level for Those with Apprenticeship Goals Active Projects in 2020, 2021, and 2022 Number Average Standard Error PLA Projects 20 37.2% 4.3% Non-PLA Projects 35 34.9% 5.1% PLA Difference -- +2.3% 7.5% t-statistic +0.31 Statistically Significant? NO Source(s): Analysis of public project data from Port of Seattle’s Apprenticeship and Priority Hire 2022 Annual Report, Apprenticeship and Priority Hire 2021 Annual Report and Apprenticeship and Priority Hire 2020 Annual Report (Port of Seattle, 2023b; Port of Seattle, 2022; Port of Seattle, 2021). Analysis is limited to only projects that include apprenticeship utilization goals, which are all valued at $1 million or more. *The result is not statistically significant. Figure 10: T-Test on Share of Projects Meeting People of Color Apprentice Goals, 2020-2022 Share of Projects Meeting People of Color Apprentice Goal: Project-Level for Those with Apprenticeship Goals Active Projects in 2020, 2021, and 2022 Number Average Standard Error PLA Projects 20 85.0% 8.2% Non-PLA Projects 35 68.6% 8.0% PLA Difference -- +16.4% 12.2% t-statistic +1.34 Statistically Significant? NO Source(s): Analysis of public project data from Port of Seattle’s Apprenticeship and Priority Hire 2022 Annual Report, Apprenticeship and Priority Hire 2021 Annual Report and Apprenticeship and Priority Hire 2020 Annual Report (Port of Seattle, 2023b; Port of Seattle, 2022; Port of Seattle, 2021). Analysis is limited to only projects that include apprenticeship utilization goals, which are all valued at $1 million or more. *The result is not statistically significant. Port of Seattle data offers a direct case study on the potential impact of project labor agreements on expanding apprenticeships and the diversity of the construction workforce supply pool. The Port of Seattle data from 55 public works projects valued at $1 million or greater reveals that PLA projects have higher levels of apprenticeship utilization and are more likely to meet aspirational goals for hiring women apprentices. Evidence also suggests that PLA projects employ higher shares of apprentices who are people of color. Discussion: Prevailing Wages and Unions in Construction There are two labor market factors that must be discussed in the context of the Port of Seattle data. The first is that all projects in the sample were covered by the Washington State Pre...
