Three problems of the Big Bang theory Sample Clauses

Three problems of the Big Bang theory. 1.2.1.1 Horizon problem The CMB is the first light that we can observe after the Big Bang. It was emitted at the time when electron and protons form bounded structures, Hydrogen atoms. Since then, the photons can travel freely until today. One of the most remarkable characteristics of the CMB is its isotropy. Today it is measured to be T = 2.7K with perturbations of the order of δT/T ∼ 10—5. If we compare the size of the particle horizon from today to the time when the tCMB a(t) CMB was emitted, d (t ) = ∫ t0 dt with the comoving particle horizon at a(t) 0 recombination, d (t ) = ∫ tCMB dt , we can show that d (t ) d (t ), in particular the angle subtended by the comoving horizon at recombination is θ = dp(tCMB)/dp(t0) = 1.16◦. Therefore we should not observe correlations in the CMB for angles larger than 2 degrees, then how can the temperature of the CMB be 2.7K everywhere to a five-digit precision? This is the so-called Horizon problem. To solve this, we need to realise that for a universe dominated by a fluid with an equation of state w, the Hubble radius is RH
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