Co-Trustees and Separate Trustee At any time or times, for the purpose of meeting the legal requirements of the Trust Indenture Act or of any jurisdiction in which any part of the Trust Property may at the time be located, the Holder of the Common Securities and the Property Trustee shall have power to appoint, and upon the written request of the Property Trustee, the Depositor shall for such purpose join with the Property Trustee in the execution, delivery and performance of all instruments and agreements necessary or proper to appoint, one or more Persons approved by the Property Trustee either to act as co-trustee, jointly with the Property Trustee, of all or any part of such Trust Property, or to act as separate trustee of any such Trust Property, in either case with such powers as may be provided in the instrument of appointment, and to vest in such Person or Persons in the capacity aforesaid, any property, title, right or power deemed necessary or desirable, subject to the other provisions of this Section. If the Depositor does not join in such appointment within 15 days after the receipt by it of a request so to do, or in case an Indenture Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Property Trustee alone shall have power to make such appointment. Any co-trustee or separate trustee appointed pursuant to this Section shall satisfy the requirements of Section 8.07. Should any written instrument from the Depositor be required by any co-trustee or separate trustee so appointed for more fully confirming to such co-trustee or separate trustee such property, title, right, or power, any and all such instruments shall, on request, be executed, acknowledged, and delivered by the Depositor. Every co-trustee or separate trustee shall, to the extent permitted by law, but to such extent only, be appointed subject to the following terms, namely:
(i) The Trust Securities shall be executed, authenticated and delivered and all rights, powers, duties, and obligations hereunder in respect of the custody of securities, cash and other personal property held by, or required to be deposited or pledged with, the Trustees hereunder, shall be exercised, solely by the Trustees.
(ii) The rights, powers, duties, and obligations hereby conferred or imposed upon the Property Trustee in respect of any property covered by such appointment shall be conferred or imposed upon and exercised or performed by the Property Trustee or by the Property Trustee and such co-trustee or separate trustee jointly, as shall be provided in the instrument appointing such co-trustee or separate trustee, except to the extent that under any law of any jurisdiction in which any particular act is to be performed, the Property Trustee shall be incompetent or unqualified to perform such act, in which event such rights, powers, duties, and obligations shall be exercised and performed by such co-trustee or separate trustee.
(iii) The Property Trustee at any time, by an instrument in writing executed by it, with the written concurrence of the Depositor, may accept the resignation of or remove any co-trustee or separate trustee appointed under this Section, and, in case an Indenture Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Property Trustee shall have power to accept the resignation of, or remove, any such co-trustee or separate trustee without the concurrence of the Depositor. Upon the written request of the Property Trustee, the Depositor shall join with the Property Trustee in the execution, delivery, and performance of all instruments and agreements necessary or proper to effectuate such resignation or removal. A successor to any co-trustee or separate trustee so resigned or removed may be appointed in the manner provided in this Section.
(iv) No co-trustee or separate trustee hereunder shall be personally liable by reason of any act or omission of the Property Trustee, or any other such trustee hereunder.
(v) The Trustees shall not be liable by reason of any act of a co-trustee or separate trustee.
(vi) Any Act of Holders delivered to the Property Trustee shall be deemed to have been delivered to each such co-trustee and separate trustee.
Compensation of Owner Trustee Owner Trustee's Fees and Expenses..............................17 SECTION 7.2. Indemnification................................................17 SECTION 7.3. Payments to Owner Trustee......................................18
Separate Trustees and Co-Trustees The Trustee shall have the power from time to time to appoint one or more persons or corporations to act either as co-trustees jointly with the Trustee, or as separate trustees, for the purpose of holding title to, foreclosing or otherwise taking action with respect to any Mortgage Loan outside the state where the Trustee has its principal place of business, where such separate trustee or co-trustee is necessary or advisable (or the Trustee is advised by the Master Servicer that such separate trustee or co-trustee is necessary or advisable) under the laws of any state in which a Mortgaged Property is located or for the purpose of otherwise conforming to any legal requirement, restriction or condition in any state in which a Mortgaged Property is located or in any state in which any portion of the Trust Estate is located. The Master Servicer shall advise the Trustee when, in its good faith opinion, a separate trustee or co-trustee is necessary or advisable as aforesaid. The separate trustees or co-trustees so appointed shall be trustees for the benefit of all of the Certificateholders and shall have such powers, rights and remedies as shall be specified in the instrument of appointment; provided, however, that no such appointment shall, or shall be deemed to, constitute the appointee an agent of the Trustee. The Seller and the Master Servicer shall join in any such appointment, but such joining shall not be necessary for the effectiveness of such appointment. Every separate trustee and co-trustee shall, to the extent permitted by law, be appointed and act subject to the following provisions and conditions:
(i) all powers, duties, obligations and rights conferred upon the Trustee, in respect of the receipt, custody and payment of moneys shall be exercised solely by the Trustee;
(ii) all other rights, powers, duties and obligations conferred or imposed upon the Trustee shall be conferred or imposed upon and exercised or performed by the Trustee and such separate trustee or co-trustee jointly, except to the extent that under any law of any jurisdiction in which any particular act or acts are to be performed (whether as Trustee hereunder or as successor to the Master Servicer hereunder) the Trustee shall be incompetent or unqualified to perform such act or acts, in which event such rights, powers, duties and obligations (including the holding of title to the Trust Estate or any portion thereof in any such jurisdiction) shall be exercised and performed by such separate trustee or co-trustee;
(iii) no separate trustee or co-trustee hereunder shall be personally liable by reason of any act or omission of any other separate trustee or co-trustee hereunder; and
(iv) the Trustee may at any time accept the resignation of or remove any separate trustee or co-trustee so appointed by it, if such resignation or removal does not violate the other terms of this Agreement. Any notice, request or other writing given to the Trustee shall be deemed to have been given to each of the then separate trustees and co-trustees, as effectively as if given to each of them. Every instrument appointing any separate trustee, co-trustee, or custodian shall refer to this Agreement and the conditions of this Article. Each separate trustee and co-trustee, upon its acceptance of the trusts conferred, shall be vested with the estates or property specified in its instrument of appointment, either jointly with the Trustee, or separately, as may be provided therein, subject to all the provisions of this Agreement, specifically including every provision of this Agreement relating to the conduct of, affecting the liability of, or affording protection to, the Trustee. Every such instrument shall be furnished to the Trustee. Any separate trustee, co-trustee, or custodian may, at any time, constitute the Trustee, its agent or attorney-in-fact, with full power and authority, to the extent not prohibited by law, to do any lawful act under or in respect of this Agreement on its behalf and in its name. If any separate trustee or co-trustee shall die, become incapable of acting, resign or be removed, all of its estates, properties, rights, remedies and trusts shall vest in and be exercised by the Trustee to the extent permitted by law, without the appointment of a new or successor trustee. No separate trustee or co-trustee hereunder shall be required to meet the terms of eligibility as a successor trustee under Section 8.07 hereunder and no notice to Certificateholders of the appointment thereof shall be required under Section 8.09 hereof. The Trustee agrees to instruct its co-trustees, if any, to the extent necessary to fulfill such entity's obligations hereunder. The Master Servicer shall pay the reasonable compensation of the co-trustees to the extent, and in accordance with the standards, specified in Section 8.06 hereof.
Qualifying Trustee Any trustee appointed pursuant to Section 8.05 or 8.06 for the purpose of holding money or U.S. Government Obligations deposited pursuant to such Sections shall be appointed under an agreement in form acceptable to the Trustee and shall provide to the Trustee a certificate, upon which certificate the Trustee shall be entitled to conclusively rely, that all conditions precedent provided for herein to the related defeasance have been complied with. In no event shall the Trustee be liable for any acts or omissions of said trustee.
Trustee and Securities Administrator Not Liable for Certificates The Trustee and the Securities Administrator make no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Agreement or of the Certificates (other than, in the case of the Securities Administrator, the certificate of authentication on the Certificates) or of any Mortgage Loan, or related document save that the Trustee and the Securities Administrator represent that, assuming due execution and delivery by the other parties hereto, this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by it and constitutes its valid and binding obligation, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms except that such enforceability may be subject to (A) applicable bankruptcy and insolvency laws and other similar laws affecting the enforcement of the rights of creditors generally, and (B) general principles of equity regardless of whether such enforcement is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law. The Trustee and the Securities Administrator shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Depositor of funds paid to the Depositor in consideration of the assignment of the Mortgage Loans to the Trust Fund by the Depositor or for the use or application of any funds deposited into the Distribution Account or any other fund or account maintained with respect to the Certificates. The Trustee and the Securities Administrator shall not be responsible for the legality or validity of this Agreement or the validity, priority, perfection or sufficiency of the security for the Certificates issued or intended to be issued hereunder. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Trustee and the Securities Administrator shall have no responsibility for filing any financing or continuation statement in any public office at any time or to otherwise perfect or maintain the perfection of any security interest or lien granted to it hereunder or to record this Agreement.
Co-Trustees and Separate Trustees (a) If at any time it shall be necessary or prudent in order to conform to any Law of any jurisdiction in which all or any part of the Trust Estate is located, or Owner Trustee being advised by counsel shall determine that it is so necessary or prudent in the interest of Owner Participant or Owner Trustee, or Owner Trustee shall have been directed to do so by Owner Participant, Owner Trustee and Owner Participant shall execute and deliver an agreement supplemental hereto and all other instruments and agreements necessary or proper to constitute another bank or trust company or one or more persons (any or all of which shall be a Citizen of the United States) approved by Owner Trustee and Owner Participant, either to act as co-trustee, jointly with Owner Trustee, or to act as separate trustee under this Trust Agreement (any such co-trustee or separate trustee being herein sometimes referred to as an "additional trustee"). In the event Owner Participant shall not have joined in the execution of such agreements' supplemental hereto within ten days after the receipt of a written request from Owner Trustee so to do, or in case a Lease Event of Default or Indenture Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, Owner Trustee may act under the foregoing provisions of this Section 9.2 without the concurrence of Owner Participant; and Owner Participant hereby appoints Owner Trustee its agent and attorney-in-fact to act for it under the foregoing provisions of this Section 9.2 in either of such contingencies.
(b) Every additional trustee under this Trust Agreement shall, to the extent permitted by Law, be appointed and act, and Owner Trustee and its successors shall act, subject to the following provisions and conditions:
(i) All powers, duties, obligations and rights conferred upon Owner Trustee in respect of the custody, control and management of monies, the Aircraft or documents authorized to be delivered under this Trust Agreement or under the Participation Agreement shall be exercised solely by Owner Trustee;
(ii) All other rights, powers, duties and obligations conferred or imposed upon Owner Trustee shall be conferred or imposed upon and exercised or performed by Owner Trustee and such additional trustee jointly, except to the extent that under any Law of any jurisdiction in which any particular act or acts are to be performed (including the holding of title to the Trust Estate) Owner Trustee shall be incompetent or unqualified to perform such act or acts, in which event such rights, powers, duties and obligations shall be exercised and performed by such additional trustee;
(iii) No power given to, or which it is provided hereby may be exercised by, any such additional trustee shall be exercised under this Trust Agreement by such additional trustee, except jointly with, or with the consent in writing of, Owner Trustee;
(iv) No trustee under this Trust Agreement shall be personally liable by reason of any action or omission of any other trustee under this Trust Agreement;
(v) Owner Participant, at any time, by an instrument in writing may remove any such additional trustee. In the event that Owner Participant shall not have joined in the execution of any such instrument within ten days after the receipt of a written request from Owner Trustee so to do, Owner Trustee shall have the power to remove any such additional trustee without the concurrence of Owner Participant; and Owner Participant hereby appoints Owner Trustee its agent and attorney-in-fact to act for it in such connection in such contingency; and
(vi) No appointment of, or action by, any additional trustee will relieve Owner Trustee of any of its obligations under, or otherwise affect any of the terms of, the Trust Indenture or affect the interests of Mortgagee or the Certificate Holders in the Trust Indenture Estate.
(c) In case any separate trustee under this Section 9.2 shall die, become incapable of acting, resign or be removed, the title to the Trust Estate and all rights and duties of such separate trustee shall, so far as permitted by Law, vest in and be exercised by Owner Trustee, without the appointment of a successor to such separate trustee.
Certain Matters Affecting the Trustee and the Securities Administrator Except as otherwise provided in Section 6.01:
(i) Each of the Trustee and the Securities Administrator may request, and may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, Officer’s Certificate, certificate of auditors or any other certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;
(ii) Each of the Trustee and the Securities Administrator may consult with counsel and any advice of its counsel or Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in accordance with such advice or Opinion of Counsel;
(iii) Neither the Trustee nor the Securities Administrator shall be personally liable for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in good faith and reasonably believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Agreement;
(iv) Unless an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, neither the Trustee nor the Securities Administrator shall be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond or other paper or document (provided the same appears regular on its face), unless requested in writing to do so by any NIMS Insurer or the Holders of at least a majority in Class Principal Amount (or Percentage Interest) of each Class of Certificates; provided, however, that, if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee or the Securities Administrator, as applicable, of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee or the Securities Administrator, as applicable, not reasonably assured to the Trustee or the Securities Administrator by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Agreement, the Trustee or the Securities Administrator, as applicable, may require reasonable indemnity against such expense or liability or payment of such estimated expenses from any NIMS Insurer or the Certificateholders, as applicable, as a condition to proceeding. The reasonable expense thereof shall be paid by the party requesting such investigation and if not reimbursed by the requesting party shall be reimbursed to the Trustee by the Trust Fund;
(v) Each of the Trustee and the Securities Administrator may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents, custodians or attorneys, which agents, custodians or attorneys shall have any and all of the rights, powers, duties and obligations of the Trustee and the Securities Administrator conferred on them by such appointment, provided that each of the Trustee and the Securities Administrator shall continue to be responsible for its duties and obligations hereunder to the extent provided herein, and provided further that neither the Trustee nor the Securities Administrator shall be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any such agent or attorney appointed with due care by the Trustee or the Securities Administrator, as applicable;
(vi) Neither the Trustee nor the Securities Administrator shall be under any obligation to exercise any of the trusts or powers vested in it by this Agreement or to institute, conduct or defend any litigation hereunder or in relation hereto, in each case at the request, order or direction of any of the Certificateholders or any NIMS Insurer pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement, unless such Certificateholders or any NIMS Insurer shall have offered to the Trustee or the Securities Administrator, as applicable, reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities which may be incurred therein or thereby;
(vii) The right of the Trustee and the Securities Administrator to perform any discretionary act enumerated in this Agreement shall not be construed as a duty, and neither the Trustee nor the Securities Administrator shall be answerable for other than its negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of such act; and
(viii) Neither the Trustee nor the Securities Administrator shall be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the execution of the Trust Fund created hereby or the powers granted hereunder.
Certain Matters Affecting the Trustee and the Certificate Administrator (a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 8.01 of this Agreement:
(i) Each of the Trustee and the Certificate Administrator may request and/or rely upon and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, Officer’s Certificate, certificate of auditors or any other certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, appraisal, bond or other paper or document reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties and neither the Trustee nor the Certificate Administrator shall have any responsibility to ascertain or confirm the genuineness of any such party or parties;
(ii) Each of the Trustee and the Certificate Administrator may consult with counsel and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in accordance with such written advice of such counsel or Opinion of Counsel;
(A) Neither the Trustee nor the Certificate Administrator shall be under any obligation to institute, conduct or defend any litigation hereunder or in relation hereto at the request, order or direction of any of the Certificateholders, pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement, unless such Certificateholders shall have offered to the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, security or indemnity reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, against the costs, expenses and liabilities which may be incurred therein or thereby; and
(B) the right of the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, to perform any discretionary act enumerated in this Agreement shall not be construed as a duty, and neither the Trustee nor the Certificate Administrator shall be answerable for other than its negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of any such act; provided that subject to the foregoing clause (A), nothing contained herein shall relieve the Trustee of the obligations, upon the occurrence of a Servicer Termination Event (which has not been cured or waived) of which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge, to exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Agreement, and to use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs;
(iv) Neither the Trustee, the Certificate Administrator nor any of their respective directors, officers, employees, Affiliates, agents or “control” persons within the meaning of the Act shall be personally liable for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in good faith and reasonably believed by the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Agreement;
(v) Neither the Trustee nor the Certificate Administrator shall be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond or other paper or document, unless requested in writing to do so by Holders of Certificates entitled to at least 25% (or such other percentage as is specified herein) of the Percentage Interests of any affected Class; provided, however, that if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, not reasonably assured to the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Agreement, the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, may require reasonable indemnity against such expense or liability as a condition to taking any such action. The reasonable expense of every such investigation shall be paid by the Master Servicer, the Special Servicer or the Operating Advisor, as applicable, if a Servicer Termination Event or Operating Advisor Termination Event shall have occurred and be continuing relating to the Master Servicer, the Special Servicer or the Operating Advisor, respectively and if such investigation results from such Servicer Termination Event or Operating Advisor Termination Event, and otherwise by the Certificateholders requesting the investigation;
(vi) Each of the Trustee and the Certificate Administrator may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys but shall not be relieved of its obligations hereunder; and
(vii) For purposes of this Agreement, the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, shall have notice of an event only when a Responsible Officer of the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, has received written notice or obtains actual knowledge of such event.
(b) Following the Startup Day, neither the Trustee nor the Certificate Administrator shall, except as expressly required by any provision of this Agreement, accept any contribution of assets to the Trust Fund unless the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, shall have received an Opinion of Counsel (the costs of obtaining such opinion to be borne by the Person requesting such contribution) to the effect that the inclusion of such assets in the Trust Fund will not cause any Trust REMIC to fail to qualify as a REMIC or cause the Grantor Trust to fail to qualify as a grantor trust, at any time that any Certificates are outstanding or subject a Trust REMIC to any tax under the REMIC Provisions or other applicable provisions of federal, state and local law or ordinances.
(c) All rights of action under this Agreement or under any of the Certificates, enforceable by the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, may be enforced by it without the possession of any of the Certificates, or the production thereof at the trial or other proceeding relating thereto, and any such suit, action or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its name for the benefit of all the Holders of such Certificates, subject to the provisions of this Agreement. Neither the Trustee nor the Certificate Administrator shall have any duty to conduct any affirmative investigation as to the occurrence of any condition requiring the repurchase of any Mortgage Loan by the Depositor pursuant to this Agreement or the eligibility of any Mortgage Loan for purposes of this Agreement.
(d) Neither the Trustee nor the Certificate Administrator shall be responsible for delays or failures in performance resulting from acts beyond its control (such acts to include but are not limited to acts of God, strikes, lockouts, riots and acts of war).
(e) Each of the Custodian, the Rule 17g-5 Information Provider, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent and Certificate Registrar shall be entitled to the same rights, indemnities, immunities, benefits (other than compensation), privileges and protections afforded to the Certificate Administrator hereunder in the same manner as if such party were the named Certificate Administrator herein mutatis mutandis.
(f) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, any and all e-mail communications (both text and attachments) by or from the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator that the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, deems to contain confidential, proprietary, and/or sensitive information may be encrypted. The recipient (the “E-mail Recipient”) of the encrypted e-mail communication will be required to complete a registration process. Instructions on how to register and/or retrieve an encrypted message will be included in the first secure e-mail sent by the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, to the E-mail Recipient.
(g) No provision of this Agreement or any Loan Document shall be deemed to impose any duty or obligation on the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator to take or omit to take any action, or suffer any action to be taken or omitted, in the performance of its duties or obligations under the Loan Documents, or to exercise any right or power thereunder, to the extent that taking or omitting to take such action or suffering such action to be taken or omitted would violate applicable law binding upon it (which determination may be based on Opinion of Counsel).
(h) In order to comply with the laws, rules, regulations and executive orders in effect from time to time applicable to banking institutions, including, without limitation, those relating to the funding of terrorist activities and money laundering including Section 326 of the USA PATRIOT Act (for purposes of this clause (h), “Applicable Law”), each of the Trustee and the Certificate Administrator is required to obtain, verify, record and update certain information relating to individuals and entities that maintain a business relationship with the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable. Accordingly, each of the parties hereto agrees to provide to the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, upon its request from time to time, such identifying information and documentation as may be available for such party in order to enable the Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, to comply with Applicable Law.
Trustee and Securities Administrator May Own Certificates The Trustee and the Securities Administrator in its individual capacity or in any capacity other than as Trustee hereunder may become the owner or pledgee of any Certificates with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee or the Securities Administrator, as applicable, and may otherwise deal with the parties hereto.
Trustee Compensation The Trustees as such shall be entitled to reasonable compensation from the Trust. They may fix the amount of their compensation. Nothing herein shall in any way prevent the employment of any Trustee for advisory, management, administrative, legal, accounting, investment banking, underwriting, brokerage, or investment dealer or other services and the payment for the same by the Trust.