Advanced Reactors - Generation IV potential Sample Clauses

Advanced Reactors - Generation IV potential. The development of advanced Generation IV (Gen IV) reactors is still ongoing with no commercial products. Gen IV includes a number of reactor designs offering some combination of higher outlet temperatures and fast neutrons. The higher outlet temperatures increase thermal efficiency and enable more process heat applications such as synthetic fuels. The fast neutrons enable closed fuel cycles with significantly higher resource utilization. The main classes of Gen IV reactors are Very High Temperature Reactors, Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactors, Molten Salt Reactors, Sodium Fast Reactors, Lead Fast Reactors, and Gas Fast Reactors. The most progress is occurring with the sodium-cooled FBRs.  Russia has been developing the technology in steps for decades with a series of these reactors including BOR-60, BN-350, BN-600 and the recently completed BN-800 (880 MWe) which was connected to the grid on December 11, 2015. The final planned reactor in the series which would be the commercial design is the BN-1200 which is indefinitely postponed past 2030 while the BN-800 is used to improve the fuel design. The BN-800 is the first in the series to use uranium/plutonium oxide fuel, which is a requirement for closing the fuel cycle.  India built a small test reactor in 1985, then jumped to the prototype FBR (500 MWe), which is expected to go critical some time in 2016, operating on uranium/plutonium oxide fuel. After a year of successful operation, plans are to then begin construction of two reactors of the final commercial design of 600 MWe.  China has a 20 MWe experimental fast reactor that achieved first criticality in 2010. There have been separate paths forward – o Construction of the Chinese Demonstration Fast Reactor (1000 MWe) beginning in 2017, followed by a 1200 MWe commercial design in 2028. This has apparently been scaled down to the CFR600 and CFR100, following the same schedule. o Construction of two BN-800 reactors (originally to start in 2013), per an agreement signed with Russia in 2009. [92] o Construction of a prototype 600 MWe traveling wave reactor with TerraPower (U.S. company) is scheduled to begin in 2018 per an agreement signed in September 2015. [93]  France has also been developing fast reactor technology for decades and operated prototype (Phenix) and demonstration (Super Phenix) facilities that were shut down in 2010 and 1998 respectively. France is now designing the ASTRID demonstration plant, with a construction decision scheduled by 2...
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