Bilateral Cumulation. Notwithstanding, Article 2(1)(b) of this Chapter, goods originating in a Member State of MERCOSUR, shall be considered as materials originating in Israel and it shall not be necessary that such materials had undergone working or processing.
Bilateral Cumulation. For the purposes of determining whether a product qualifies as an originating product of a Party, an originating material of the other Party which is used as a material in the production of the product in the former Party may be considered as an originating material of the former Party, provided that such material has undergone its last production process in the former Party which goes beyond the operations provided for in Article 3.5.
Bilateral Cumulation. 1. This Article shall apply only in the case of cumulation between a SADC EPA State and the EU.
2. Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 2(2) of this Protocol, materials originating in the EU within the meaning of this Protocol shall be considered as materials originating in a SADC EPA State when incorporated into a product obtained in that SADC EPA State, provided that the working or processing carried out there goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 9(1) of this Protocol.
3. Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 2(1) of this Protocol, materials originating in a SADC EPA State within the meaning of this Protocol shall be considered as materials originating in the EU when incorporated into a product obtained in the EU, provided that the working or processing carried out there goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 9(1) of this Protocol and the product is exported to the same SADC EPA State.
4. Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 2(2) of this Protocol, working and processing carried out in the EU shall be considered as having been carried out in a SADC EPA State, when the materials undergo in the latter subsequent working or processing going beyond the operations referred to in Article 9(1) of this Protocol.
5. Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 2(1) of this Protocol, working and processing carried out in a SADC EPA State shall be considered as having been carried out in the EU, when the materials undergo there subsequent working or processing going beyond the operations referred to in Article 9(1) of this Protocol and the product is exported to the same SADC EPA State.
Bilateral Cumulation. 1. Originating products from the territory of a Party that are used in the production of a product in the territory of the other Party as materials for finished products shall be considered as materials originating in the territory of the other Party where the manufacture of the finished product has taken place.
2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1 above, the last production process should be beyond the minimal or insufficient operations as described in Article 3.5 (Minimal or Insufficient Operations and Processes).
Bilateral Cumulation. The manufacturing sector is now increasingly globalised and characterised by fragmented production patterns whereby assembly of components and final products can take place in many different locations and countries. As such the use of simplified rules of origin such as single transformation facilitates and promotes integration and competitiveness of SADC textile and clothing producers in the global value chains. In a nutshell the provision of preferential market access coupled with relaxed rules of origin has resulted in phenomenal exports increases. (Xxxxxx, 2011) It is clear that the existing traded products show the potential for diversity in the relationship between the EU and SADC, including as partners in global supply chains such as in the automotive sector and for important development sectors such as agro-processing. The EPA provides opportunities to increase the range of products traded and to grow from the already strong base.
Bilateral Cumulation. 1. Notwithstanding Article 2 (1) (b), materials originating in Latvia within the meaning of this Protocol shall be considered as originating in Ukraine and it shall not be necessary that such materials have undergone sufficient working or processing there, provided however that they have undergone working or processing going beyond that referred to in Article 7 of this Protocol.
2. Notwithstanding the Article 2 (2) (b), materials originating in Ukraine within the meaning of this Protocol shall be considered as originating in Latvia and it shall not be necessary that such materials have undergone sufficient working or processing there, provided however that they have undergone working or processing going beyond that referred to in Article 7 of this Protocol.
Bilateral Cumulation. Notwithstanding Article 1 (1) (b), materials originating in Bulgaria within the meaning of this Protocol shall be considered as materials originating in the Community and it shall not be necessary that such materials have undergone sufficient working or processing there, provided, however, that they have undergone working or processing going beyond that described in Article 4 (3)
Bilateral Cumulation. 1. Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 2(1), products shall be considered as originating in Turkey if such products are obtained there, incorporating materials originating in Moldova in accordance with the provisions of the Protocol on rules of origin annexed to the Agreement, provided that the working or processing carried out in Turkey goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 7. It shall not be necessary that such materials have undergone sufficient working or processing.
2. Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 2(2), products shall be considered as originating in Moldova if such products are obtained there, incorporating materials originating in Turkey in accordance with the provisions of the Protocol on rules of origin annexed to the Agreement, provided that the working or processing carried out in Moldova goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 7. It shall not be necessary that such materials have undergone sufficient working or processing.
Bilateral Cumulation. 1. Notwithstanding Article 1 (1) (b), materials originating in the Slovak Republic within the meaning of this Protocol shall be considered as materials originating in the Community and it shall not be necessary that such materials have undergone sufficient working or processing there, provided however that they have undergone working or processing going beyond that referred to in Article 5 (3)
Bilateral Cumulation. Under bilateral cumulation, producers and manufacturers may use materials originating in the other partner country, provided the operations exceed the listed insufficient operations. For example, under the EU-Chile Agreement, cleaning cloths manufactured in the EU using fabric originating in Chile (45% of Ex Works price) and non-originating sewing thread from China (10% Ex Works price) fulfill the rules of origin, even though the value limitation for non-originating materials is 40%. This is because the fabrics from Chile will benefit from the rules on cumulation and be regarded as EU origin material. Diagonal cumulation is in fact an extension of bilateral cumulation to multiple countries. It involves two or more countries which are all partners to the same preferential trade agreement, which allows for such cumulation. Regional cumulation is a form of diagonal cumulation, which exists between a group of beneficiary countries, such as the ASEAN countries. Under the EU – Singapore FTA, materials from ASEAN countries that have preferential agreements with the EU may be considered as originating in Singapore or the EU when further processing or incorporation takes place respectively in Singapore or the EU.
