CCS Offshore Sample Clauses

CCS Offshore. The CCS Directive applies to the land territory, the territorial sea, the EEZ and the continental shelf of the member states (Art. 2 CCS Directive). The provisions examined above therefore also apply to carbon CO2 in the North Sea area. One of the main obstacles to the development of CCS was whether offshore CO2 storage beneath the sea-bed would be considered as dumping under the 1972 London Convention, the 1992 OSPAR Convention and the London Protocol. Following an amendment in 2006 the provision governing dumping has changed in order to allow for injecting CO2. It allows CO2 storage that is intended to be retained in the sub-sea formations permanently and will not lead to significant adverse consequences for the marine environment, human health and other legitimate uses of the maritime area. The 1972 London Convention together with the 1996 Protocol thus allow for the storage of CO2 beneath the seabed (Art. 1 & 4 Annex I 1996 Protocol). The situation with regard to cross-border transport of CO2 for disposal beneath a foreign seabed has now also been changed. Article 6 of the London Protocol essentially prohibits the export of waste to other countries for dumping at sea and thus storage. In 2009 a proposal was made to amend the Protocol by adding a provision making such transboundary disposal possible, dependent on prior agreement or arrangement concluded between the countries concerned. This amendment to the London Protocol is essential for development of transboundary CCS involving CO2 by ship and is of specific relevance for the North Sea area where several states border one another. However, the amendment needed to be ratified by 33 contracting parties and in 2018 only five parties had done so (Norway, the UK, the Netherlands, Finland and Iran). In order to allow for a provisional application of this amendment, the parties to the London Convention adopted a resolution at their annual meeting on 14 October 2019. This resolution provides for an interim solution pending sufficient ratifications. Parties who wish to make use of this interim solution need to deposit a declaration of provisional application and provide notification of any agreements or arrangements with the Secretary-General of the IMO.100