Chaining Trees Sample Clauses

Chaining Trees. In order to be able to perform many signatures using the same public key, one could instantiate XMSS with a large tree. This comes at a considerable cost, as the signer needs to compute all leaf nodes when generating a signature. Spe- cialized tree traversal algorithms [5] move a large part of this cost to the key generation, but it remains a limiting factor. This is mitigated in XMSSMT , the multi-tree variant of XMSS. As the name suggests, this scheme makes use of a structure of trees. On the bottom layer, a WOTS+ key pair is used to sign the message. Along with the WOTS+ signature, the signer supplies an authentication path to the root of that subtree. Rather than interpreting this root as the public key, it is signed using a WOTS+ leaf of a new tree, one layer ‘above’ the current layer. This signature is authenticated by a path leading to the next root node, et cetera. Considering d layers of trees of height h/d, this allows for 2h signatures while only requiring h/d leafs on each layer to be computed to construct the authentication path (as well as opening up a whole new range of time-memory trade-offs with tree traversal [5]). Note that this trade-off leads to increased signature sizes. While an XMSS signature consists roughly of a WOTS+ signature (i.e. 67 32 bytes) and a number of intermediate nodes (say, 20 32 bytes), an XMSSMT signature consists of mul- tiple WOTS+ signatures. For the sake of simplicity, we now consider XMSSMT to be a direct generalization of XMSS, i.e. XMSS is the specific class of instances where d = 1.
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Related to Chaining Trees

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  • CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACADEMY The characteristics of the Academy set down in Section 1(6) of the Academies Act 2010, are that:

  • Marketing Rights Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries have granted rights to license, market, or sell its products or services to any other Person and is not bound by any agreement that affects the Company’s (or any Subsidiary’s) exclusive right to develop, distribute, market or sell its products or services.

  • Shoes All uniformed staff shall be provided with 2 pairs of shoes annually, replaceable on a normal wear and tear basis.

  • THE ACADEMY The Academy is a Mainstream Academy as defined in clause 1.4 of the Master Agreement.

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