Classifying the Cause for a Test Failure Sample Clauses

Classifying the Cause for a Test Failure. As mentioned in Section 1, a test failure can be caused by the error in product code or test code. Classifying this cause for a test failure is, on its own, a research problem [Xxx et al. 2013]. We found that our checker can help distinguish the cause for a test failure. The idea is to assign a change contract to a test. The change contract of Figure 16 expresses the intention that the test should pass in the updated version whenever it passes in the previous version. This change contract can be predefined and applied to any test method. We applied this change contract to a test in Joda-Time revision 7b179 (i.e., testCon- structor long DurationType1). This test in its body calls several methods. Among them, two methods change both their names and behaviors at the next revision (1c524). We as- signed these two methods the change contracts describing behavior/structural changes. Given these change contracts along with a pair of source code of the previous (7b179) and updated revision (1c524), our checker successfully completed verification (see the last row of the table), indicating that a test was correctly modified. Meanwhile, to check the efficacy of our checker in detecting the obsoleteness of a test, we prepared two variations of the previous-version (7b179) test; they served as obsolete tests in our experiment. In the first variation (7b179r), we changed the names of the callees correctly (assuming that renaming is trivial), but did not update the oracles affected by the behavioral changes of the product code. In the second variation (7b179rr), we additionally updated the oracle affected by the first callee, but did not do the same for the second callee. Our checker successfully detected the obsoleteness of these two tests. As expected, it failed at verification (see the first two rows of the C section of the table), indicating that a test began to fail in the updated version, given changes of the methods under testing. Also, a generated counterexample shows which oracle fails. What if a checker issues no warning while a test fails when actually run? This can happen because modular checking interprets method calls based on their contracts, not on their actual bodies. For example, the actual behavior of a callee under testing may be different from the intended behavior specified in its change contract. The conformity of a callee to its change contract should be checked separately. If this is the case, it is evident that a callee does not conform to its ...
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