Contribution of this Report to the BENEFIT Project - Typologies. The key concept of the BENEFIT project is the analysis and re-construction of transport infrastructure funding and financing through a system described by its elements, as shown in figure 1. These elements are described through their key characteristics vis-à-vis the funding and financing schemes: the “typologies”. These key characteristics are clustered as “dimensions”. Each dimension, in turn, is described by indicators, which provide “values’. Using these typologies, the property space may be re-structured generically allowing for objective analysis of cases and, also, the creation of a framework guiding decision-making. Achieving the “ideal type” is an objective. For each element of the transport infrastructure delivery system (see figure 1), a typology is identified. More specifically, a typology is identified for:
1. The implementation context, i.e. the particular political, legal/regulatory, social etc. environment the infrastructure is delivered in.
2. The transport mode context, i.e. the transport mode particularities and specificities the infrastructure is developed to serve.
3. The transport infrastructure Business Model, i.e. the value proposition of the infrastructure as it is bundled with other offerings and services.
4. The funding scheme, i.e. the revenue stream that is generated through the business model, which contributes in “paying back” the investment. Notably, as shown in figure 1, the funding scheme is generated by the economic, environmental, social and institutional outcomes of the business model.
5. The financing scheme, i.e. the structure of the investment, and, finally,
6. The Governance scheme, i.e. the rules and stakeholder relations organizing and regulating the infrastructure delivery system. The implementation and transport mode context, describe to a large extent the business model that may be developed. The business model will create economic, environmental, social and institutional outcomes and, ultimately, produce relevant and respective funding schemes. Governance introduces an external change to this initial setting by introducing new rules and relationships. Finally, the financing scheme reflects the financing capacity created.
