Deflagration-to Sample Clauses

Deflagration-to detonation transition (UU)‌ Deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) refers to the phenomenon where the critical conditions for the onset of detonation are established during the combustion process itself, without an external energy source, through flame acceleration caused by various mechanisms and instabilities, reaching some critical conditions when the leading shock and combustion wave couple. DDT modelling remains an active subject of research up to now and no ‘applied’ models available for commercial applications exist. Ideally, a robust deflagration model should be able to reproduce DDT without any modification or artificially implemented additional criteria. The accepted criterion for DDT is the coupling of the flame front with the shock, and subsequent propagation with a velocity close to the CJ velocity. Suitable models should also account for losses due to the presence of obstacles and heat losses to walls. The pressure in the detonation wave is expected to be at least equal to CJ pressure. It can be a problem to achieve good agreement between simulations and experimental results due to the difficulties involved in taking appropriate measurements, particularly considering that pressure in the detonation front is highly non-uniform and that pressure at triple points is much higher than in other areas. This difficultly is compounded due to the size of the triple point being much smaller than the pressure sensor taking the measurements. However models would be expected to reproduce the location and timing of DDT, with reasonable deviation from the experiment. For such scenarios it is clear that information referring to the reproducibility of the experiment would be useful in order to appropriately assess the expected uncertainty in the predictions obtained from the CFD model.
Sample 1
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