District heating. In this input sheet, the energy demands for heating supplied by district heating systems are defined. District heating systems are systems for distributing heat generated in centralized locations through a system of pipes for residential and commercial heating requirements, such as space heating and water heating.
District heating. In this input sheet, the heating technologies only for supplying heat to district heating systems can be de- fined. CHP units and Waste incineration can also provide heat for district heating, though these are defined in their separate sheets.
District heating. Here district heating storages can be defined. District heating storages are defined as two distinct types: short-term storages and seasonal storages. Short-term storage is considered as storages that are used to store heat at the most for a couple of weeks. Seasonal storages are used for storing heat for months. The technology inputs are set, so that they allow a wide range of district heating storage options to be defined regardless of whether steel cylinders, pit storage, borehole storage or something else.
District heating. Design, engineering, manufacture and sale of distributed power systems equipment including power generation equipment using alternative or renewable energy sources (including but not limited to fuel cells, wind and solar power) with individual power output of over 10 MW. This prohibition does not apply to PEM (proton-exchange membrane) technology. AMENDMENT TO SHARE PURCHASE AND SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT This Amendment to Share Purchase and Settlement Agreement (this "AMENDMENT AGREEMENT") dated as of May 11, 2000 is made by and among ABB Ltd, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of Switzerland ("ABB LTD"), ALSTOM, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of France ("ALSTOM"), and ABB ALSTOM Power NV, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of The Netherlands (the "JC").
District heating. District heating (DH) consists in generating heat at a centralised facility and then to distribute this heat under the form of hot water or steam to numerous consumers through a network of pipes. This system is very flexible regarding the primary energy source it uses and can mix multiple sources at the same time or arbitrate to use the most adapted at a certain time (such as for price reasons or for environmental issues) [18]. It is also in theory much easier to replace a generating asset in order to switch the energy source used than for individual heating, as there is only one or a handful of centralised assets to replace instead of one or multiple in each building [19]. In addition, DH is particularly adapted to make the most of waste heat which would otherwise be lost, since it can connect industrial facilities to residential neighbourhoods, commercial areas or city centres. Finally, it is to be noted that a number of studies have shown that [DH] plants give better performance in energy efficiency and the abatement of air pollutant emissions, mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, and contribute greatly to the enhancement of public convenience and energy saving compared to [individual heating systems] [20]. However, the strength of DH – generating heat in a centralised location and distributing it to a high number of customers – is also its weakness. Indeed, it is not possible to efficiently transport heat on long-distances and this explains why DH networks are being developed primarily in densely populated areas [21]. For rural areas, the economic viability of a DH network has to be studied but might often end up insufficient. As a result, DH networks often form unconnected ‘islands’ located in populated parts of a country [22].
