History and Related Work Sample Clauses

History and Related Work. Security and privacy requirements in a VoIP environment are expected to be equivalent to those in Public switched telephone network (PSTN), even though the provision of secure Internet services is much more complicated. Salsano et al pointed out that the HTTP digest authentication in SIP suffers from two major weaknesses when it is applied in SIP [3]. One is the lack of securing all headers and parameters in SIP which would possibly need protection. The other is the requirement of pre-existing user configuration on servers. Furthermore, a methodology for the evaluation of the processing cost of SIP authentication procedure is also given in their work, which is of great meaning. HTTP Digest authentication scheme in SIP can offer one-way message ∗ This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant Nos. 60573048, 60373040). 1Corresponding author: Tel: +00-000-00000000, Fax: +00-000-00000000. E-mail address: xxx0000@xxxxxxx.xxx authentication and replay protection but not the support message integrity and confidentiality. According to RFC 3261 [1], it is very possible for a malicious user to place spam calls and send a manipulated message to cause a Dos. Moreover, this method is vulnerable to well known plaintext, replay attack, off-line password guessing attack, man-in-the-middle attacks and server spoofing [4, 5]. Since the current authentication mechanism is not providing security at an acceptable level, several new schemes are proposed to improve it. An identity-based authentication and key agreement protocol without formal analysis was presented in [6], and the off-line password guessing attack and server spoofing attack to original authentication mechanism have been found. A SIP authentication scheme by using a public key exchange mechanism using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) was proposed in [7]. It has significant advantages like smaller key sizes, faster computations on behalf of other Public Key Cryptography systems that obtain data transmission more secure and efficient. However, it is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attack, and does not reflect the good characteristics of Elliptic Curve Xxxxxx-Xxxxxxx (ECDH) protocol.
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