Introducing aims for this thesis Sample Clauses

Introducing aims for this thesis. 1.6.1. Improving understanding of the mechanisms underlying socioeconomic disparities in children’s mental health: gene-environment interaction in the presence of gene-environment correlation As outlined in previous sections, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds have an increased risk of experiencing mental health difficulties (X. Xxxxx, 2013). However, gaps remain in our understanding as to the mechanisms underlying these observed associations. There is some evidence from twin studies that family socioeconomic conditions influence the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences on child emotional and behavioural problems (Xxxx et al., 2016, 2020; Xxxxxxxx et al., 2019; Xxxxxxxxxx et al., 2014; Xxxxxxx et al., 2006). However, it is also known that various socioeconomic indicators (e.g., income level, educational attainment) are themselves under genetic influence (Xxxx et al., 2019; Krapohl et al., 2017; Xxxxxxxxxxx et al., 2014) and previous gene-environment interaction studies have not explored the potential genetic overlap between family SES and child mental health. Exclusion of the common variance between family SES and child outcomes limits our understanding as to the nature of their covariance, as well as the moderation of the shared variance. In this thesis, I aim to contribute new knowledge on the role that family socioeconomic factors play in shaping the origins of child emotional and behavioural problems. In chapter 2, I apply a novel approach using extended family data to investigate the moderation of aetiologic influences on child emotional and behavioural problems by parental socioeconomic status in the presence of gene-environment correlation. To my knowledge, this is first study to test for gene-environment interaction in the presence of gene-environment correlation for environmental moderators that are necessarily shared between children growing up in the same family. Further, inconsistent findings from the literature may in part be explained by the use of different socioeconomic indicators across studies (Xxxxxx & Xxxxxxxx, 2003; Xxxxx et al., 2006; X. Xxxxx, 2013). This suggests that the presence and pattern of moderation effects may vary depending on the measure used to index family SES. I build on this work to examine the moderating effects of individual socioeconomic indicators, namely income and education, separately for both mothers and fathers.
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