Judicial independence & impartiality Sample Clauses

Judicial independence & impartiality. A basic condition for courts to effectively and authoritatively apply the law and resolve disputes is that the court be impartial and independent in the dispute before it. Xxxxxx identified this ideal of judicial impartiality and independence as a defining characteristic of the judicial 49 J.M. Xxxx, "Conflicts between Citizens and State in Indonesia: The Development of Administrative Jurisdiction," (Leiden: Xxx Xxxxxxxxxxx Instituut, 1991). 50 see S van Xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxx, "The Indonesian Supreme Court: Fifty Years of Judicial Development" (Leiden, 1996).; Xxxxxx Xxxxxx, "Administrative Courts in Indonesia: A Social-Legal Study" (PhD, University of Leiden, 2000). 51 Xxxxxxxx, "Public Interest Environmental Law Firms in the United States," p58. process across different societies.52 Without impartiality or independence the legitimacy of the court as an adjudicating institution is undermined, as one or other of the disputing parties may perceive themselves to be disadvantaged. On a broader societal level, the consistent and objective application of state law by courts is essential to the creation of “real legal certainty”, which Xxxx has described as a “systemic” objective of law.53 How is judicial independence defined? The comparative legal scholar Xxxxxxxx X. Xxxxxx offered the following definition, Judicial independence is (a) the degree to which judges believe they can decide and do decide consistent with their own personal attitudes, values, and conceptions of judicial role (in their interpretation of the law), (b) in opposition to what others, who have or are believed to have political or judicial power, think about or desire in like matters, and (c) particularly when a decision adverse to the beliefs or desires of those with political or judicial power may bring some retribution on the judges personally or on the power of the court. As this definition illustrates, judicial independence implies that judges adjudicate the cases before them without any intimidation, control or influence from the executive branch of government. Freedom from executive influence is also central to transnational standards such as the International Bar Association Code of Minimum Standards of Judicial Independence. Article A. 2 of the Code states “The judiciary as a whole should enjoy autonomy and collective independence vis-a-vis the Executive”.
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Related to Judicial independence & impartiality

  • California Judicial Reference If any action or proceeding is filed in a court of the State of California by or against any party hereto in connection with any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any other Loan Document, (a) the court shall, and is hereby directed to, make a general reference pursuant to California Code of Civil Procedure Section 638 to a referee (who shall be a single active or retired judge) to hear and determine all of the issues in such action or proceeding (whether of fact or of law) and to report a statement of decision, provided that at the option of any party to such proceeding, any such issues pertaining to a “provisional remedy” as defined in California Code of Civil Procedure Section 1281.8 shall be heard and determined by the court, and (b) without limiting the generality of Section 10.04, the Borrower shall be solely responsible to pay all fees and expenses of any referee appointed in such action or proceeding.

  • Judicial Review Any determination made by NYSERDA pursuant to this Exhibit that prevents the commencement of the time in which interest will be paid is subject to judicial review in a proceeding pursuant to Article 78 of the Civil Practice Law and Rules. Such proceedings shall only be commenced upon completion of the review procedure specified in Section 504.9 of this Exhibit or any other review procedure that may be specified in this Agreement or by other law, rule, or regulation.

  • NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED That the officers of this corporation listed below, and each of them, are hereby authorized and directed to execute, acknowledge and deliver in the name of and on behalf of this corporation said Equipment Lease Agreement, Equipment Financing Agreement or other agreement, said commitments and any such further agreement.

  • Judicial Reference TO THE EXTENT THAT THE WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL IN SECTION 11.22(a) IS UNENFORCEABLE, THE PARTIES HERETO DESIRE THAT THEIR DISPUTES BE RESOLVED BY A JUDGE OR RETIRED JUDGE APPLYING THE APPLICABLE LAW. THEREFORE, THE PARTIES HERETO AGREE TO REFER, FOR A COMPLETE AND FINAL ADJUDICATION, ANY AND ALL ISSUES OF FACT OR LAW INVOLVED IN ANY LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING (INCLUDING ALL DISCOVERY AND LAW AND MOTION MATTERS, PRETRIAL MOTIONS, TRIAL MATTERS, AND POST-TRIAL MOTIONS (E.G., MOTIONS FOR RECONSIDERATION, NEW TRIAL AND TO TAX COSTS, ATTORNEY FEES AND PREJUDGMENT INTEREST)) UP TO AND INCLUDING FINAL JUDGMENT, BROUGHT TO RESOLVE ANY DISPUTE (WHETHER SOUNDING IN CONTRACT, TORT, UNDER ANY STATUTE, OR OTHERWISE) BETWEEN THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT OR ANY LENDER AND BORROWER ARISING OUT OF, CONNECTED WITH, OR RELATED OR INCIDENTAL TO THE RELATIONSHIP ESTABLISHED BETWEEN THE PARTIES IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT, THE LOAN DOCUMENTS OR THE TRANSACTIONS RELATED HERETO AND THERETO, TO A JUDICIAL REFEREE WHO SHALL BE APPOINTED UNDER A GENERAL REFERENCE PURSUANT TO CALIFORNIA CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE SECTION 638. THE REFEREE’S DECISION WOULD STAND AS THE DECISION OF THE COURT, WITH JUDGMENT TO BE ENTERED ON HIS STATEMENT OF DECISION IN THE SAME MANNER AS IF THE ACTION HAD BEEN TRIED BY THE COURT. THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND THE BORROWER SHALL SELECT A SINGLE NEUTRAL REFEREE, WHO SHALL BE A RETIRED STATE OR FEDERAL JUDGE WITH AT LEAST FIVE YEARS OF JUDICIAL EXPERIENCE IN CIVIL MATTERS. IN THE EVENT THAT THE AGENT AND THE BORROWER CANNOT AGREE UPON A REFEREE, THE REFEREE SHALL BE APPOINTED BY THE COURT. BORROWER SHALL BEAR THE FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE REFEREE UNLESS THE REFEREE OTHERWISE PROVIDES IN THE STATEMENT OF DECISION. EACH PARTY AGREES THAT ANY PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT MAY FILE AN ORIGINAL COUNTERPART OR A COPY OF THIS SECTION 11.22 WITH ANY COURT AS WRITTEN EVIDENCE OF THE CONSENT OF THE SIGNATORIES HERETO TO THE REFERENCE TO A JUDICIAL REFEREE AS PROVIDED ABOVE.”

  • Review of Decision Within sixty (60) days after the Secretary’s receipt of a request for review, he or she will review the Company’s determination. After considering all materials presented by the Claimant, the Secretary will render a written opinion, written in a manner calculated to be understood by the Claimant, setting forth the specific reasons for the decision and containing specific references to the pertinent provisions of this Agreement on which the decision is based. If special circumstances require that the sixty (60) day time period be extended, the Secretary will so notify the Claimant and will render the decision as soon as possible, but no later than one hundred twenty (120) days after receipt of the request for review.

  • LAW APPLICABLE AND COMPETENT COURT The Agreement is governed by [insert the national law of the NA]. The competent court determined in accordance with the applicable national law shall have sole jurisdiction to hear any dispute between the institution and the participant concerning the interpretation, application or validity of this Agreement, if such dispute cannot be settled amicably.

  • GOVERNING LAW; DISPUTES SUBMITTED TO ARBITRATION All disputes arising under this agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without regard to principles of conflict of laws. The parties to this agreement will submit all disputes arising under this agreement to arbitration in Boston, Massachusetts before a single arbitrator of the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”). The arbitrator shall be selected by application of the rules of the AAA, or by mutual agreement of the parties, except that such arbitrator shall be an attorney admitted to practice law in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. No party to this agreement will challenge the jurisdiction or venue provisions as provided in this section. No party to this agreement will challenge the jurisdiction or venue provisions as provided in this section. Nothing contained herein shall prevent the party from obtaining an injunction.

  • Payment by the Judicial Council A. In accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Judicial Council will pay the Contractor the actual cost not to exceed the total Contract Amount, as set forth in Table 1, below, for performing the Work of this Agreement. Payment will be at the prices set forth herein and based upon the actual and allowable cost to perform the Work. Sleeping Rooms C $@,@@@.@@ Meeting and Function Rooms D $@,@@@.@@ Food and Beverage Service E $@,@@@.@@ Miscellaneous Requirements and Expenses F $@,@@@.@@ B. In the event the Agreement is terminated pursuant to one of the termination provisions of this Agreement, the Judicial Council will make any allowable or applicable payments, not to exceed the total Contract Amount set forth in Table 1, above, in any event. The Contractor shall xxxx the Judicial Council for the applicable payments in accordance with the provisions of this exhibit.

  • Judicial Council 's Obligation Subject to Availability of Funds A. The Judicial Council's obligation under this Agreement is subject to the availability of authorized funds. The Judicial Council may terminate the Agreement or any part of the Contract Work, without prejudice to any right or remedy of the Judicial Council, for lack of appropriation of funds. If expected or actual funding is withdrawn, reduced, or limited in any way prior to the expiration date set forth in this Agreement, or in any Amendment hereto, the Judicial Council may, upon written Notice to the Contractor, terminate this Agreement in whole or in part. Such termination shall be in addition to the Judicial Council's rights to terminate for cause or other than for cause, as set forth herein. B. Payment shall not exceed the amount allowable for appropriation by Legislature. If the Agreement is terminated for non-appropriation: i. The Judicial Council will be liable only for payment in accordance with the terms of this Agreement for services rendered prior to the effective date of termination; and ii. The Contractor shall be released from any obligation to provide further services pursuant to the Agreement as are affected by the termination. C. Funding for this Agreement beyond the current appropriation year is conditional upon appropriation by the Legislature of sufficient funds to support the activities described in this Agreement. Should such an appropriation not be approved, the Agreement may terminate at the close of the current appropriation year. The appropriation year ends on June 30 of each year.

  • CHOICE OF LAW, VENUE, JURY TRIAL WAIVER AND JUDICIAL REFERENCE California law governs the Loan Documents without regard to principles of conflicts of law. Borrower and Bank each submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the State and Federal courts in Santa Xxxxx County, California; provided, however, that nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to operate to preclude Bank from bringing suit or taking other legal action in any other jurisdiction to realize on the Collateral or any other security for the Obligations, or to enforce a judgment or other court order in favor of Bank. Borrower expressly submits and consents in advance to such jurisdiction in any action or suit commenced in any such court, and Borrower hereby waives any objection that it may have based upon lack of personal jurisdiction, improper venue, or forum non conveniens and hereby consents to the granting of such legal or equitable relief as is deemed appropriate by such court. Borrower hereby waives personal service of the summons, complaints, and other process issued in such action or suit and agrees that service of such summons, complaints, and other process may be made by registered or certified mail addressed to Borrower at the address set forth in, or subsequently provided by Borrower in accordance with, Section 10 of this Agreement and that service so made shall be deemed completed upon the earlier to occur of Borrower’s actual receipt thereof or three (3) days after deposit in the U.S. mails, proper postage prepaid. WITHOUT INTENDING IN ANY WAY TO LIMIT THE PARTIES’ AGREEMENT TO WAIVE THEIR RESPECTIVE RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY, if the above waiver of the right to a trial by jury is not enforceable, the parties hereto agree that any and all disputes or controversies of any nature between them arising at any time shall be decided by a reference to a private judge, mutually selected by the parties (or, if they cannot agree, by the Presiding Judge of the Santa Xxxxx County, California Superior Court) appointed in accordance with California Code of Civil Procedure Section 638 (or pursuant to comparable provisions of federal law if the dispute falls within the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal courts), sitting without a jury, in Santa Xxxxx County, California; and the parties hereby submit to the jurisdiction of such court. The reference proceedings shall be conducted pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of California Code of Civil Procedure §§ 638 through 645.1, inclusive. The private judge shall have the power, among others, to grant provisional relief, including without limitation, entering temporary restraining orders, issuing preliminary and permanent injunctions and appointing receivers. All such proceedings shall be closed to the public and confidential and all records relating thereto shall be permanently sealed. If during the course of any dispute, a party desires to seek provisional relief, but a judge has not been appointed at that point pursuant to the judicial reference procedures, then such party may apply to the Santa Xxxxx County, California Superior Court for such relief. The proceeding before the private judge shall be conducted in the same manner as it would be before a court under the rules of evidence applicable to judicial proceedings. The parties shall be entitled to discovery which shall be conducted in the same manner as it would be before a court under the rules of discovery applicable to judicial proceedings. The private judge shall oversee discovery and may enforce all discovery rules and orders applicable to judicial proceedings in the same manner as a trial court judge. The parties agree that the selected or appointed private judge shall have the power to decide all issues in the action or proceeding, whether of fact or of law, and shall report a statement of decision thereon pursuant to California Code of Civil Procedure § 644(a). Nothing in this paragraph shall limit the right of any party at any time to exercise self-help remedies, foreclose against collateral, or obtain provisional remedies. The private judge shall also determine all issues relating to the applicability, interpretation, and enforceability of this paragraph.

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