Measles epidemiology and outbreak investigation using IgM test in Laos Sample Clauses

Measles epidemiology and outbreak investigation using IgM test in Laos. (Xxxxxxx et al., 2001) This article describes the importance of measles outbreak investigation and its relationship to routine immunization coverage. In this article, the authors analyzed weekly report from January 1994 to October 2000 with the number of cases and deaths sent from provinces to the National Center for Laboratory and Epidemiology, Laos. From March 1999 to March 2000, 18 large outbreaks (more than 20 cases per outbreak) were reported from provinces by weekly report. Among the 18 outbreaks, the rapid response team (RRT) visited door to door and investigated 7 outbreaks in 5 provinces. Blood samples were drawn from children after consent was given. IgM antibodies to measles were tested in the national laboratory by using ELISA method. The result showed measles positive for 6 out breaks and one outbreak was shown to be chickenpox. Unimmunized children had a three times higher attack rate than immunized children and the case fatality rate was 14% among unimmunized children. Measles elimination activities were initiated in Laos beginning in 1992. From 1992 to 2000 the average routine measles coverage was 68% at national level. Assuming that a measles mass campaign achieved the same coverage, 95%, as a recent polio campaign, the authors concluded that there would be only an 8% decrease in cases. They concluded that routine immunization coverage should increase to get threshold immunity; only then does a mass campaign produce the level of protection required. These results are salient for measles elimination stratiges in South East Asia where measles routine immunization coverage is still low in some countries.
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