Microplastic Impacts and Opportunities. There are no immediately identifiable microplastic impacts on 2017 Watershed Implementation Plans (WIPs) Outcome.
Microplastic Impacts and Opportunities. There are no immediately identifiable microplastic impacts on the Land Use Options Evaluation Outcome.
Microplastic Impacts and Opportunities. Microplastic ingestion in larval and juvenile blue crabs may result in loss of fitness, subjecting them to a potential increase in predation (Xxxxx 2020). In adult blue crabs, microplastic consumption may cause acute or sub-acute physiological effects, resulting in increased mortality which may have population-level impacts. Additionally, microplastics are known to adsorb and xxxxx chemical pollutants and potentially toxic elements (e.g., PAHs, PCBs) that could result in negative physiological and neurological effects in blue crabs (Xxxxxxxx et al. 2017; Xxxxxx et al. 2013). Microplastic pollution may make efforts to maintain a sustainable blue crab population more difficult.
Microplastic Impacts and Opportunities. As noted above, setting management goals for a stable and productive crab fishery may include mortality estimates related to microplastics.
Microplastic Impacts and Opportunities. Microplastics accumulate on shorelines, wetlands, and on plant leaves in submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) beds (Xxxx et al. 2018, Xxxxxx 2019, Xxxxxxxx et al. 2019, Xxxxx et al. 2020) increasing the potential rate of exposure and uptake of microplastics by larval, juvenile, and adult fish and shellfish. Uptake of microplastics by fish and shellfish could result in direct physical damage and potential toxicity effects (due to the adsorption and leaching of chemical pollutants by microplastics) (Xxxxxx et al. 2013). Microplastic accumulation in these areas may impact the efficacy of fish habitat conservation and restoration efforts.
Microplastic Impacts and Opportunities. Uptake of microplastics by forage fish could result in direct physical harm and potential toxicity effects (due to the adsorption and leaching of chemical pollutants by microplastics) including potential loss of overall fitness and subjecting them to potential increase in predation (Xxxxxx et al. 2013). Trophic transfer is recognized as a major mechanism of microplastic exposure – predators could be impacted by the ingestion of microplastics by forage fish (Xxxxx et al. 2018). 2018). Additionally, toxicity effects could include the transfer and accumulation of chemical pollutants and contaminants in different tissues of forage fish, possibly undergoing biomagnification along the food chain (GESAMP 2015).
Microplastic Impacts and Opportunities. Uptake of microplastics by oysters could result in direct physical harm and potential toxicity effects (due to the adsorption and leaching of chemical pollutants by microplastics), including potential loss of overall fitness (Xxxxxx 2021). Trophic transfer is recognized as a major mechanism of microplastic exposure – predators could be impacted by the ingestion of microplastics by oysters (Xxxxx et al. 2018). Additionally, toxicity effects could include the transfer and accumulation of chemical pollutants and contaminants in different tissues of oysters, possibly undergoing biomagnification along the food chain (GESAMP 2015). The effects of microplastics on oysters may make native oyster population restoration more difficult.
Microplastic Impacts and Opportunities. Black ducks use tidal wetlands of the Chesapeake Bay for habitat – the seeds, bay grasses, aquatic plants, and small invertebrates of which make up their diet. Microplastics that accumulate within small invertebrates, on shorelines, wetlands, and on plant leaves in submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) beds increase the potential rate of exposure and ingestion of microplastics by black ducks (Xxxxxxxx and Xxxx 2018). Ingestion of microplastics could result in direct physical damage and potential toxicity effects (due to the adsorption and leaching of chemical pollutants by microplastics) in black duck populations (Xxxxxx et al. 2013). Additionally, research shows that microplastic pollution can negatively affect the growth of wetland plants (e.g., reduction in weight, height, and chlorophyll b synthesis) (Yu et al. 2018), potentially reducing food quality and availability for black ducks and habitat restoration and preservation efforts difficult.
Microplastic Impacts and Opportunities. While there are fewer data on impacts of microplastics in freshwater bodies, particularly on freshwater fish, Xxxxxxx et al. (2014) confirmed that “continental fish” do ingest microplastics (Xxxxxxx et al. 2014); additionally, microplastics have been found in brown trout (X’Xxxxxx et al. 2020). Microplastic ingestion in larval and juvenile xxxxx xxxxx may result in loss of fitness due to potential toxicity effects (adsorption and leaching of chemical pollutants by microplastics) and direct physical damage. These impacts could subject xxxxx xxxxx populations to increased predation, potentially making attaining the Xxxxx Xxxxx Outcome more difficult.
Microplastic Impacts and Opportunities. There are no immediately identifiable microplastic impacts on the Fish Passage Outcome.
