Portals to new physics Sample Clauses

Portals to new physics. New particles that interact with SM particles may be directly responsible for some of the BSM phenomena or can serve as mediators (or “portals”), coupling to states in the “hidden sectors” and at the same time interacting with the Standard Model particles. Such portals can be renormalizable (mass dimension ≤ 4) or be realized as higher-dimensional operators suppressed by the dimensionful couplings Λ−n, with Λ being the energy scale of the hidden sector. In the latter case the most promising are the dimension 5 operators that are not suppressed too much by the energy scale Λ. In the Standard Model there can be only three renormalizable portals: – the scalar portal that couples the gauge singlet scalar S to the H†H term con- structed of the Xxxxx doublet field Ha, a = 1, 2 with the portal Lagrangian Lscalar portal = α1SH†H + αS2H†H; (1.3.1) – the neutrino portal that couples the new gauge singlet fermion N to the ϵabL¯aHb term, where La is the SU(2) lepton doublet and ϵab is absolutely antisymmetric tensor in 2 dimensions, with l = e, µ, τ ; Lneutrino portal = 5l(ϵabL¯l,aHb)N, (1.3.2) – the vector portal that couples the field strength of a new U(1) field Arµ to the U(1) hyperfield field strength Bµ, vector portal µν L = ϵ 5 r 5 µν, (1.3.3) where 5µr ν = ∂µAνr − ∂νArµ and 5µν = ∂µBν − ∂νBµ; Among the higher dimension portals it is worth to mention the very popular axion portal that is coupled to the Standard Model through interaction with gauge fields, Laxion portal = g i a5 Λ i,µν 5˜i,µν , (1.3.4) where a is a new pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson, 5i,µν is a field strength tensor of the SM gauge bosons, 5˜µν = 1 εµναβ5 αβ and gi is a corresponding coupling constant. These portals have different physical motivation and different phenomenology. To illustrate this, below we will concentrate on the scalar and neutrino portals.
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