Prevalence of postnatal depression in international research Sample Clauses

Prevalence of postnatal depression in international research. Postnatal depression (PND) is a major health issue for many women from diverse cultures and its prevalence has received extensive previous research (Xxxxxxx et al., 2000, Xxxxx et al., 2004, Almond 2009). Current diagnostic criteria for mental health disorders do not include PND as a distinct diagnosis (DSM-IV TR 2000). A useful and pragmatic definition of PND provided by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network defines PND as “any non-psychotic depressive illness of mild to moderate severity occurring during the first postnatal year” (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) 2002). The onset of major depression is believed to be markedly common in the postpartum period; researchers have found a 3-fold increase in the onset of major or minor depression in the first weeks postpartum compared to women of similar age, marital status, and parity but without recent childbirth (Xxxxx et al., 2005). Due to the large volume of research on this subject, the literature review mainly focused on systematic reviews and recent prospective cohort studies. According to Xxxx et al (2010) a total of 696 citations and 476 unduplicated citations were found where the primary focus of the review topic or question was the prevalence or incidence of PND. Only one systematic review (Xxxxx et al. 2005) and four reviews of prevalence of PND (Xxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxx 2006; X’Xxxx and Xxxxx 1996; Xxxxxxx 2004; Xxxx and Xxxxxx 2009) were identified. Only two reviews provided an overall summary estimate of prevalence of PND (O’Hara and Xxxxx 1996; Xxxxx et al. 2005). Another systematic review by Gaynes et al. (2005) from the same research group as Xxxxx et al. (2005) was not included in this overview by Xxxx et al. (2010) presumably because of the similar data represented. Three reviews reported the prevalence estimates from each of the primary studies (Xxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxx 2006; Xxxxxxx 2004; Xxxx and Xxxxxx 2009), but did not attempt a quantitative summary estimate of PND prevalence. The reviews did not provide any formal discussion as to the feasibility of combining the data or justification as to reasons why these data were not considered appropriate for data synthesis. Xxxxx et al. (2005) conducted a meta-analysis of 28 primary studies of perinatal depression, 16 of which reported prevalence estimates solely in the postnatal period. Due to significant heterogeneity between primary studies, six studies were excluded as outliers and a revised meta-analysis was conducted ...
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