Radiation Carcinogenesis Sample Clauses

Radiation Carcinogenesis. Radiation carcinogensis is a stochastic effect. Cancer induction is the most important somatic effect of low-dose ionizing radiation. In sharp contrast to the case for the hereditary effects of radiation, risk estimates for leukemogenesis and carcinogenesis do not rely on animal data but can be based on experience in humans. The human experience of radiation- induced carcinogenesis includes the survivors of the atomic-bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan, patients exposed to medical irradiation, and early workers exposed occupationally. Some examples include: • Leukemia and solid tumors in Japanese survivors of the atomic bomb • Leukemia in patients irradiated for ankylosing spondylitis • Thyroid cancer in children irradiated for benign conditions of the head and neck, such as enlarged thymus or tonsils, and children who suffered hair loss following treatment for ringworm of the scalp. • Breast cancer in patients treated with x-rays for postpartum mastitis and patients who had repeated fluoroscopy during the management of tuberculosis • Lung cancer in uranium miners • Bone cancer in painters of luminous watch-dial dials who licked their paintbrushes and thus ingested radium and patients who had injections of radium for tuberculosis or ankylosing spondylitis Both Xxxxx Xxxxx (left) and her daughter Xxxxx Xxxxx (right) died from leukaemia almost certainly induced by radiation from handling radioactive materials.