Renewable Energy Technologies for Green C-RANs Sample Clauses

Renewable Energy Technologies for Green C-RANs. ‌ A study shows that the cellular networks consumed world-wide is approximately 60 billion kWh per year [29]. In fact, the BSs consumed 80% of the electric- ity in cellular networks. As a result, more than a hundred million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year has been produced and this figure is expected to double by the year 2020 [1, 29]. Aware of this important huge energy consumption problem, some methods for green communication has been studied in [30–33], particularly for maximizing the energy efficiency of wireless communication systems. A method for maximizing the energy efficiency using closed-form power allo- cation technique is studied in [30]. With a minimum average throughput require- ment, this method is proposed to be implemented for a point-to-point single carrier system. Meanwhile, the studies in [31–33] focus on energy efficiency in cellular multi-carrier multi-user systems for both uplink and downlink communications and they proved the existence of a unique global maximum for the energy efficiency for different systems. On contrary, the studies in [34–36] designed the system by using multiple antennas to further maximize the energy efficiency. Power load- ing algorithms with collocated and distributed antennas techniques have been pro- posed in [34] and [35], respectively. Furthermore, [36] studies the effect of using a large number of transmit antennas in orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. With enormously increasing demand for mobile data and high data rates such as online high definition video streaming and video conferencing, the aggregated power requirements by user terminals may exceed the amount of power budget at each of the RRHs in the C-RAN systems. Hence, the mobile network operators may take a risk of losing the profit. One of the potential solutions to address this issue and maintain the green communication is by using local renewable energy generation [37–39]. It has been investigated that energy harvesting devices installed at the RRHs can harvest energy from natural renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. Therefore, C-RANs with renewable energy technologies can be self-sustained and energy-efficient in providing ubiquitous service coverage.
AutoNDA by SimpleDocs

Related to Renewable Energy Technologies for Green C-RANs

  • Development or Offering of Renewable Energy Sources Competitive Supplier agrees that it will comply with the applicable provisions of X.X.X. x. 00X, § 00X, § 00 F1/2, and any regulations, orders or policies adopted pursuant thereto.

  • OVATIONS FOOD SERVICES, L.P. dba SPECTRA All food and beverage service must be discussed with and approved by Spectra, the OCFEC Master Concessionaire. FORM F-31 AGREEMENT NO. R-026-18 DATE May 16, 2018 REVIEWED APPROVED RENTAL AGREEMENT FAIRTIME INTERIM XX THIS AGREEMENT by and between the 32nd District Agricultural Association dba OC Fair & Event Center, hereinafter called the Association, and B & L Productions, Inc. hereinafter, called the Rentor

  • Renewable Energy Credits 5.01. Customer shall offer PMPA and/or Utility a first right of refusal before selling or granting to any third party the right to the Green Attributes associated with its customer-owned renewable generation that is interconnected to Utility’s electric distribution system. The term Green Attributes shall include any and all credits, certificates, benefits, environmental attributes, emissions reductions, offsets, and allowances, however entitled, attributable to the generation of electricity from the customer owned-renewable generation and its displacement of conventional energy generation.

  • Energy 1. Cooperation shall take place within the principles of the market economy and the European Energy Charter, against a background of the progressive integration of the energy markets in Europe.

  • Electric Systems Are there any problems with electrical fuses, circuit breakers, outlets or wiring? Yes No. Unknown Comments:

  • Energy Resource Interconnection Service (ER Interconnection Service).

  • Electric Storage Resources Developer interconnecting an electric storage resource shall establish an operating range in Appendix C of its LGIA that specifies a minimum state of charge and a maximum state of charge between which the electric storage resource will be required to provide primary frequency response consistent with the conditions set forth in Articles 9.5.5, 9.5.5.1, 9.5.5.2, and 9.5.5.3 of this Agreement. Appendix C shall specify whether the operating range is static or dynamic, and shall consider (1) the expected magnitude of frequency deviations in the interconnection; (2) the expected duration that system frequency will remain outside of the deadband parameter in the interconnection; (3) the expected incidence of frequency deviations outside of the deadband parameter in the interconnection; (4) the physical capabilities of the electric storage resource; (5) operational limitations of the electric storage resources due to manufacturer specification; and (6) any other relevant factors agreed to by the NYISO, Connecting Transmission Owner, and Developer. If the operating range is dynamic, then Appendix C must establish how frequently the operating range will be reevaluated and the factors that may be considered during its reevaluation. Developer’s electric storage resource is required to provide timely and sustained primary frequency response consistent with Article 9.5.5.2 of this Agreement when it is online and dispatched to inject electricity to the New York State Transmission System and/or receive electricity from the New York State Transmission System. This excludes circumstances when the electric storage resource is not dispatched to inject electricity to the New York State Transmission System and/or dispatched to receive electricity from the New York State Transmission System. If Developer’s electric storage resource is charging at the time of a frequency deviation outside of its deadband parameter, it is to increase (for over-frequency deviations) or decrease (for under-frequency deviations) the rate at which it is charging in accordance with its droop parameter. Developer’s electric storage resource is not required to change from charging to discharging, or vice versa, unless the response necessitated by the droop and deadband settings requires it to do so and it is technically capable of making such a transition.

  • Pacific Gas and Electric Company “PG&E”), San Diego Gas & Electric Company (“SDG&E”), and Southern California Edison Company (“Edison”) (each a Participating TO) are entering into this agreement transferring Operational Control of their transmission facilities in reliance upon California Public Utilities Code Sections 367, 368, 375, 376, and 379 enacted as part of AB 1890 which contain assurances and schedules with respect to recovery of transition costs.

  • EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES The State reserves the right to modify the terms of this Contract or any future Periodic Recruitments, to allow for emerging technologies. OGS reserves the right to include such technology(ies) hereunder or to issue a formal modification or amendment to this Contract.

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Developer Suite Red Hat Enterprise Linux Developer Suite provides an open source development environment that consists of Red Hat Enterprise Linux with built-in development tools, certain Red Hat Enterprise Linux Add-Ons, Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Real Time, Smart Management and access to Software Maintenance, but no Development or Production Support. If you use any of the Subscription Services or Software associated with Red Hat Enterprise Linux Developer Suite for Production Purposes, or use the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Software Subscription entitlement independently, you agree to purchase the applicable number of Units of the applicable Software Subscription. Red Hat does not provide Production Support or Development Support for Red Hat Enterprise Developer Suite.

Draft better contracts in just 5 minutes Get the weekly Law Insider newsletter packed with expert videos, webinars, ebooks, and more!