Risk of Bias in Individual Studies Sample Clauses

Risk of Bias in Individual Studies. To ascertain the validity of the eligible interventions, two reviewers worked independently, to determine the adequacy of the studies included at the study level using the Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool. No studies were excluded from the review on the basis of their risk of bias. The primary outcome measured was actual screening uptake. Secondary outcomes measured psychological predictors of screening uptake such as knowledge, perceived risk and intentions. Observed and total numbers from studies with dichotomous outcomes such as screening uptake, and means or mean change and standard deviations for studies with continuous outcomes, such as knowledge and cancer worry, were considered in order to arrive at the narrative conclusion.

Risk of Bias in Individual Studies. ‌ The review of trial bias included recording the “Jadad score” (a single item measure of methodological quality of RCTs; Xxxxx et al., 1996) and all the domains of the Cochrane Collaboration’s classification scheme for bias (Xxxxxxx et al., 2011). In addition to these, some other domains that were pertinent to cluster randomised trials were used. These included whether randomisation occurred after participant consent was obtained, base- line measures were completed before randomisation, baseline outcome measurements were similar across trial arms, other clinical and demographic characteristics were similar across arms, and whether attrition was similar in the arms. These additional assessments of bias were based on outcomes used in reviews of CRCTs (Xxxxxx et al., 2003). Xxxxxx descriptions of items relating to risk of bias can be found in Appendix A.2.