Rotavirus Virology Sample Clauses

Rotavirus Virology. Rotavirus consists of a non-enveloped triple-layered capsid surrounding a genome of double-stranded RNA. This RNA codes for 6 structural proteins (VP1, XX0, XX0, XX0, XX0, and VP7) and six non-structural proteins (NSP1 through NSP6). Of these proteins, the VP7 (G type) protein and VP4 (P type) protein are the most important in terms of classification of the different rotavirus strains (reviewed in 6). The genome of an individual rotavirus virion will code for a specific VP7 genotype (denoted G1, G2, G3, etc.) and a specific VP4 genotype (denoted P[1], P[2], P[3], etc.). In humans, X0, X0, X0, X0, and G9 are the most common VP7 genotypes, and P[8], P[4], and P[6] are the most common VP4 genotypes (reviewed in 6). A particular rotavirus strain is classified according to its VP7/VP4 genotype pair. Globally, the genotype combinations G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], and G9P[8] comprise 70-90% of the circulating rotavirus strains. However, predominant circulating rotavirus strains vary region to region and year to year (reviewed in 6).
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Rotavirus Virology. 1.1.1 Rotavirus structure and classification RV is a genus of the Reoviridae family and as such, has a double-stranded (ds) RNA (dsRNA) genome composed of 11 segments. RV’s genome encodes 8 structural proteins, also known as viral proteins (VPs), and 6 non-structural proteins (NSPs). The VPs perform a variety of functions from target cell attached to genome replication. In greater detail, VP1, an inner core protein, functions as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; VP2 acts as a scaffolding protein and also makes up the core layer; VP3 is a guanylyl transferase and methylase which facilitates RV transcription and replication; VP4 makes up the outer capsid with VP7 and attaches to target cells after proteolytic cleavage into VP5 and VP8; VP6 comprises the middle capsid; VP7 is an outer capsid protein that may be involved in binding an intracellular receptor. There are 7 groups of RV, A-G, based on VP6 antibody reactivities, and groups are further sub- classified based on VP7 and VP4 genes, known as G and P types, respectively (3). There are 6 non-structural proteins, NSP1-6, which are only expressed in host cells and function to elude RV from the immune system and promote its lifecycle. A brief explanation of the functions of each NSP is given here, but a more detailed review is provided by Xx and others (4). NSP1 induces IRF3 degradation and prevents production of type I IFN as xxxxx as interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs); NSP2 is a multifunctional enzyme which regulates RV replication and transcription and eluding RIG-1 detection; NSP3 has been proposed to antagonize host protein synthesis thus facilitating transcription of viral mRNA; NSP4 induces diarrhea and electrolyte loss through the release of chloride ions by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) but is also involved in double-layered particle assembly and disruption of plasma membrane integrity; NSP5 and 6 have not been characterized to the same extent as other NSPs, but NSP5 interacts with NSP2 in viroplasms (4).
Sample 1

Related to Rotavirus Virology

  • Influenza Vaccine Upon recommendation of the Medical Officer of Health, all employees shall be required, on an annual basis to be vaccinated and or to take antiviral medication for influenza. If the costs of such medication are not covered by some other sources, the Employer will pay the cost for such medication. If the employee fails to take the required medication, she may be placed on an unpaid leave of absence during any influenza outbreak in the home until such time as the employee has been cleared by the public health or the Employer to return to the work environment. The only exception to this would be employees for whom taking the medication will result in the employee being physically ill to the extent that she cannot attend work. Upon written direction from the employee’s physician of such medical condition in consultation with the Employer’s physician, (if requested), the employee will be permitted to access their sick bank, if any, during any outbreak period. If there is a dispute between the physicians, the employee will be placed on unpaid leave. If the employee gets sick as a reaction to the drug and applies for WSIB the Employer will not oppose the application. If an employee is pregnant and her physician believes the pregnancy could be in jeopardy as a result of the influenza inoculation and/or the antiviral medication she shall be eligible for sick leave in circumstances where she is not allowed to attend at work as a result of an outbreak. This clause shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with the Ontario Human Rights Code.

  • Hepatitis B Vaccine Where the Hospital identifies high risk areas where employees are exposed to Hepatitis B, the Hospital will provide, at no cost to the employees, a Hepatitis B vaccine.

  • Prosthodontics We Cover prosthodontic services as follows: • Removable complete or partial dentures, for Members 15 years of age and above, including six (6) months follow-up care; • Additional services including insertion of identification slips, repairs, relines and rebases and treatment of cleft palate; and • Interim prosthesis for Members five (5) to 15 years of age. We do not Cover implants or implant related services. Fixed bridges are not Covered unless they are required: • For replacement of a single upper anterior (central/lateral incisor or cuspid) in a patient with an otherwise full complement of natural, functional and/or restored teeth; • For cleft palate stabilization; or • Due to the presence of any neurologic or physiologic condition that would preclude the placement of a removable prosthesis, as demonstrated by medical documentation.

  • Vlastnictví Zdravotnické zařízení si ponechá a bude uchovávat Zdravotní záznamy. Zdravotnické zařízení a Zkoušející převedou na Zadavatele veškerá svá práva, nároky a tituly, včetně práv duševního vlastnictví k Důvěrným informacím (ve smyslu níže uvedeném) a k jakýmkoli jiným Studijním datům a údajům.

  • Influenza Vaccination The parties agree that influenza vaccinations may be beneficial for patients and employees. Upon a recommendation pertaining to a facility or a specifically designated area(s) thereof from the Medical Officer of Health or in compliance with applicable provincial legislation, the following rules will apply:

  • Diagnostic procedures to aid the Provider in determining required dental treatment.

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