Servicing Programs No license or approval is required for the Administrative Agent’s use of any software or other computer program used by the Servicer, any Originator or any Sub-Servicer in the servicing of the Pool Receivables, other than those which have been obtained and are in full force and effect.
Special Servicing Procedures In addition to the duties applicable to the Special Servicer under the Servicing Agreement, the following procedures shall be applicable and followed by the Special Servicer and the Sponsor prior to the Special Servicing Crossover Date: (a) Upon the occurrence of Asset Resolution with respect to any issue of Specially Serviced Bonds that relate to a Stabilized Mortgaged Property and involve a Foreclosure of the related Bond Mortgage and a shortfall of amounts available from such action to redeem in full the outstanding principal of the related outstanding Bonds, the Special Servicer shall provide written notice of such action and the amount of such principal shortfall to Freddie Mac. In accordance with its Credit Enhancement, Freddie Mac shall, contemporaneously with the application of the proceeds of the Asset Resolution to pay the redemption price of the related outstanding Bonds in part to the extent of such proceeds, declare a Release Event with respect to such Bonds in the amount of the aforementioned principal shortfall and shall fund the amount of the applicable Release Purchase Price pursuant to its Credit Enhancement, which amount shall be applied pursuant to the terms of the applicable Series Certificate Agreement to pay down a corresponding amount of the related Class B Certificates (or to the extent there are no Class B Certificates above the amount of the Minimum Sponsor Interest left to redeem in the related Series Pool, to pay down a corresponding amount of the related Class A Certificates). Such amount paid with respect to such Class B Certificates shall be used to reimburse Freddie Mac for the amount of the corresponding Credit Advance under its Credit Enhancement. Any Credit Advance arising from such a pay down of Class A Certificates shall be payable from the sources described in Section 4.03(b) of each Series Certificate Agreement and the cash flow from the Pledged Security Collateral. The Bonds purchased in connection with such Release Event shall be subsequently cancelled upon withdrawal from the related Series Certificate Agreement. (b) Upon the occurrence of Asset Resolution with respect to any issue of Specially Serviced Bonds that relate to a Non-Stabilized Mortgaged Property and involve a Foreclosure of the related Bond Mortgage and a shortfall of amounts available from such action to redeem in full the outstanding principal of the related outstanding Bonds, the Special Servicer shall provide written notice to Freddie Mac and the Sponsor of such action. Following receipt of such written notice, Freddie Mac shall declare a Release Event with respect to such Bonds in the amount of the aforementioned principal shortfall and the Release Purchase Price so payable shall be funded on behalf of the Sponsor from amounts available under the Stabilization Guaranty, Escrow and Security Agreement, and applied in accordance with the related Series Certificate Agreement as a Sponsor-funded Release Event to pay down the related Class A Certificates in a corresponding amount; provided, however, if monies are not available under the Stabilization Guaranty, Escrow and Security Agreement, Freddie Mac shall fund the amount of the applicable Release Purchase Price pursuant to its Credit Enhancement, which amount shall be applied pursuant to the terms of the applicable Series Certificate Agreement to pay down a corresponding amount of the related Class B Certificates (or to the extent there are no Class B Certificates above the amount of the Minimum Sponsor Interest left to redeem in the related Series Pool, to pay down a corresponding amount of the related Class A Certificates). Any such amount paid with respect to such Class B Certificates shall be used to reimburse Freddie Mac for the amount of the corresponding Credit Advance under its Credit Enhancement. Any Credit Advance arising from such a pay down of Class A Certificates shall be payable from the sources described in Section 4.03(b) of each Series Certificate Agreement and the cash flow from the Pledge Security Collateral. The Bonds purchased in connection with such Release Event shall be subsequently cancelled upon withdrawal from the related Series Certificate Agreement. (c) Upon the occurrence of Asset Resolution with respect to any issue of Specially Serviced Bonds that relate to a Stabilized Mortgaged Property and which Asset Resolution involves the execution of a work-out agreement pursuant to which the related Bond Mortgage Loan and Bonds are modified to write-down the outstanding principal thereof, the Special Servicer shall provide written notice to Freddie Mac of such action. In accordance with its Credit Enhancement, Freddie Mac shall, contemporaneously with the execution of such work-out agreement to effect such principal write-down, declare a Release Event with respect to such Bonds in the amount of the aforementioned principal write-down and shall fund the amount of the applicable Release Purchase Price pursuant to its Credit Enhancement, which amount shall be applied pursuant to the terms of the applicable Series Certificate Agreement to pay down a corresponding amount of the related Class B Certificates (or to the extent there are no Class B Certificates above the amount of the Minimum Sponsor Interest left to redeem in the related Series Pool, to pay down a corresponding amount of the related Class A Certificates). Such amount with respect to such Class B Certificates shall be used to reimburse Freddie Mac for the amount of the corresponding Credit Advance under its Credit Enhancement. Any Credit Advance arising from such a pay down of Class A Certificates shall be payable from the sources described in Section 4.03(b) of each Series Certificate Agreement and the cash flow from the Pledge Security Collateral. The Bonds purchased in connection with such Release Event shall be subsequently cancelled upon withdrawal from the related Series Certificate Agreement. (d) Upon the occurrence of Asset Resolution with respect to any issue of Specially Serviced Bonds that relate to a Non-Stabilized Mortgaged Property and involve the execution of a work-out agreement pursuant to which the related Bond Mortgage Loan and Bonds are modified to write-down the outstanding principal thereof in an amount necessary in order to achieve Stabilization, the Special Servicer shall provide written notice to Freddie Mac and the Sponsor of such action. Following receipt of such written notice, Freddie Mac shall declare a Release Event with respect to such Bonds in such amount necessary in order for such Mortgaged Property to achieve Stabilization and the Release Purchase Price so payable shall be funded on behalf of the Sponsor from amounts available under the Stabilization Guaranty, Escrow and Security Agreement and applied in accordance with the related Series Certificate Agreement as a Sponsor-funded Release Event to pay down the related Class A Certificates in a corresponding amount; provided, however, if monies are not available under the Stabilization Guaranty, Escrow and Security Agreement, Freddie Mac shall fund the amount of the applicable Release Purchase Price pursuant to its Credit Enhancement, which amount shall be applied pursuant to the terms of the applicable Series Certificate Agreement to pay down a corresponding amount of the related Class B Certificates (or to the extent there are no Class B Certificates above the amount of the Minimum Sponsor Interest left to redeem in the related Series Pool, to pay down a corresponding amount of the related Class A Certificates). Any such amount paid with respect to such Class B Certificates shall be used to reimburse Freddie Mac for the amount of the corresponding Credit Advance under its Credit Enhancement. Any Credit Advance arising from such a pay down of Class A Certificates shall be payable from the sources described in Section 4.03(b) of each Series Certificate Agreement and the cash flow from the Pledge Security Collateral. The Bonds purchased in connection with such Release Event shall be subsequently cancelled upon withdrawal from the related Series Certificate Agreement. (e) Upon the occurrence of Asset Resolution with respect to any issue of Specially Serviced Bonds that relate to a Stabilized Mortgaged Property and involve a sale of such Bonds and a shortfall of amounts available from such action to fund the related Release Purchase Price, the Special Servicer shall provide written notice of such action and the amount of such shortfall to Freddie Mac. Freddie Mac shall declare a Sponsor-funded Release Event with respect to a portion of such Bonds in the amount of the sale proceeds of such Bonds and a Freddie Mac-funded Release Event with respect to a portion of such Bonds in the amount of the aforementioned shortfall. The proceeds from the sale of such Bonds shall fund the applicable Release Purchase Price and be applied to pay down Class A Certificates in accordance with the related Series Certificate Agreement and Freddie Mac shall fund the amount of the applicable Release Purchase Price corresponding to the shortfall pursuant to its Credit Enhancement, which amount shall be applied pursuant to the terms of the applicable Series Certificate Agreement to pay down a corresponding amount of the related Class B Certificates (or to the extent there are no Class B Certificates above the amount of the Minimum Sponsor Interest left to redeem in the related Series Pool, to pay down a corresponding amount of the related Class A Certificates). Such amount paid with respect to such Class B Certificates shall be used to reimburse Freddie Mac for the amount of the corresponding Credit Advance under its Credit Enhancement. Any Credit Advance arising from such a pay down of Class A Certificates shall be payable from the sources described in Section 4.03(b) of each Series Certificate Agreement and the cash flow from the Pledged Security Collateral. The Bonds purchased in connection with such Release Event shall be subsequently withdrawn from the related Series Certificate Agreement and delivered to the Special Servicer to effect the sale of such Bonds. (f) Upon the occurrence of Asset Resolution with respect to any issue of Specially Serviced Bonds that relate to a Non-Stabilized Mortgaged Property and involve a sale of such Bonds and a shortfall of amounts available from such action to fund the related Release Purchase Price, the Special Servicer shall provide written notice to Freddie Mac and the Sponsor of such action. Following receipt of such written notice, Freddie Mac shall declare a Sponsor-funded Release Event with respect to a portion of such Bonds in the amount of the sale proceeds of such Bonds and a Sponsor-funded Release Event with respect to such Bonds in the amount of the aforementioned shortfall. The proceeds from the sale of such Bonds shall fund the applicable Release Purchase Price and be applied to pay down Class A Certificates in accordance with the related Series Certificate Agreement. The Release Purchase Price with respect to such shortfall shall be funded on behalf of the Sponsor from amounts available under the Stabilization Guaranty, Escrow and Security Agreement, and applied in accordance with the related Series Certificate Agreement as a Sponsor-funded Release Event also to pay down the related Class A Certificates in a corresponding amount; provided, however, if monies are not available under the Stabilization Guaranty, Escrow and Security Agreement, Freddie Mac shall fund the amount of the applicable Release Purchase Price related to the shortfall pursuant to its Credit Enhancement, which amount shall be applied pursuant to the terms of the applicable Series Certificate Agreement to pay down a corresponding amount of the related Class B Certificates (or to the extent there are no Class B Certificates above the amount of the Minimum Sponsor Interest left to redeem in the related Series Pool, to pay down a corresponding amount of the related Class A Certificates). Any such amount paid with respect to such Class B Certificates shall be used to reimburse Freddie Mac for the amount of the corresponding Credit Advance under its Credit Enhancement. Any Credit Advance arising from such a pay down of Class A Certificates shall be payable from the sources described in Section 4.03(b) of each Series Certificate Agreement and the cash flow from the Pledge Security Collateral. The Bonds purchased in connection with such Release Event shall be subsequently withdrawn from the related Series Certificate Agreement and delivered to the Special Servicer to effect the sale of such Bonds.
Sub-Servicing Agreements (a) The Master Servicer and Special Servicer may enter into Sub-Servicing Agreements to provide for the performance by third parties of any or all of its respective obligations hereunder; provided that the Sub-Servicing Agreement as amended or modified: (i) is consistent with this Agreement in all material respects and requires the Sub-Servicer to comply with all of the applicable conditions of this Agreement; (ii) provides that if the Master Servicer or Special Servicer, as applicable, shall for any reason no longer act in such capacity hereunder (including, without limitation, by reason of a Servicer Termination Event), the Trustee or its designee shall thereupon assume all of the rights and, except to the extent they arose prior to the date of assumption, obligations of such party under such agreement, or, alternatively, may act in accordance with Section 7.02 hereof under the circumstances described therein (subject to Section 3.22(g) hereof); (iii) provides that the Trustee (for the benefit of the Certificateholders and the related Companion Holder (if applicable) and the Trustee (as holder of the Uncertificated Lower-Tier Interests) shall be a third party beneficiary under such Sub-Servicing Agreement, but that (except to the extent the Trustee or its designee assumes the obligations of such party thereunder as contemplated by the immediately preceding clause (ii)) none of the Trust Fund, the Trustee, the Senior Trust Advisor, the Certificate Administrator, the Master Servicer or Special Servicer, as applicable, or any Certificateholder (or the related Companion Holder, if applicable) shall have any duties under such Sub-Servicing Agreement or any liabilities arising therefrom; (iv) permits any purchaser of a Mortgage Loan pursuant to this Agreement to terminate such Sub-Servicing Agreement with respect to such purchased Mortgage Loan at its option and without penalty; provided, however, that the Initial Sub-Servicing Agreements may only be terminated by the Trustee or its designees as contemplated by Section 3.22(g) hereof and in such additional manner and by such other Persons as is provided in such Sub-Servicing Agreement; (v) does not permit the Sub-Servicer any direct rights of indemnification that may be satisfied out of assets of the Trust Fund; (vi) does not permit the Sub-Servicer to modify any Mortgage Loan unless and to the extent the Master Servicer or Special Servicer, as applicable, is permitted hereunder to modify such Mortgage Loan and (vii) provides that the Sub-Servicer shall be in default under the related Sub-Servicing Agreement and such Sub-Servicing Agreement shall be terminated (following the expiration of any applicable grace period) if the Sub-Servicer fails (A) to deliver by the due date any Exchange Act reporting items required to be delivered to the Master Servicer under Article XI or under the Sub-Servicing Agreement or to the master servicer under any other pooling and servicing agreement that the Depositor is a party to, or (B) to perform in any material respect any of its covenants or obligations contained in the Sub-Servicing Agreement regarding creating, obtaining or delivering any Exchange Act reporting items required for any party to this Agreement to perform its obligations under Article XI or under the Exchange Act reporting items required under any other pooling and servicing agreement that the Depositor is a party to. Any successor master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, hereunder shall, upon becoming successor master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, be assigned and shall assume any Sub-Servicing Agreements from the predecessor Master Servicer or Special Servicer, as applicable (subject to Section 3.22(g) hereof). In addition, each Sub-Servicing Agreement entered into by the Master Servicer may but need not provide that the obligations of the Sub-Servicer thereunder shall terminate with respect to any Mortgage Loan serviced thereunder at the time such Mortgage Loan becomes a Specially Serviced Mortgage Loan; provided, however, that the Sub-Servicing Agreement may provide (if the Sub-Servicing Agreement provides for Advances by the Sub-Servicer, although it need not so provide) that the Sub-Servicer will continue to make all Advances and calculations and prepare all reports required under the Sub-Servicing Agreement with respect to Specially Serviced Mortgage Loans and continue to collect its Primary Servicing Fees as if no Servicing Transfer Event had occurred and with respect to REO Properties (and the related REO Loans) as if no REO Acquisition had occurred and to render such incidental services with respect to such Specially Serviced Mortgage Loans and REO Properties as are specifically provided for in such Sub-Servicing Agreement. The Master Servicer or Special Servicer, as applicable, shall deliver to the Trustee copies of all Sub-Servicing Agreements, and any amendments thereto and modifications thereof, entered into by it, in each case promptly upon its execution and delivery of such documents. References in this Agreement to actions taken or to be taken by the Master Servicer include actions taken or to be taken by a Sub-Servicer on behalf of the Master Servicer; and, in connection therewith, all amounts advanced by any Sub-Servicer (if the Sub-Servicing Agreement provides for Advances by the Sub-Servicer, although it need not so provide) to satisfy the obligations of the Master Servicer hereunder to make Advances shall be deemed to have been advanced by the Master Servicer out of its own funds and, accordingly, in such event, such Advances shall be recoverable by such Sub-Servicer in the same manner and out of the same funds as if such Sub-Servicer were the Master Servicer, and, for so long as they are outstanding, such Advances shall accrue interest in accordance with Section 3.03(d), such interest to be allocable between the Master Servicer and such Sub-Servicer as may be provided (if at all) pursuant to the terms of the Sub-Servicing Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, the Master Servicer shall be deemed to have received any payment when a Sub-Servicer retained by it receives such payment. The Master Servicer or Special Servicer, as applicable, shall notify the Master Servicer or the Special Servicer, as applicable, the Trustee and the Depositor in writing promptly of the appointment by it of any Sub-Servicer, except that the Master Servicer need not provide such notice as to the Initial Sub-Servicing Agreements. (b) Each Sub-Servicer shall be authorized to transact business in the state or states in which the related Mortgaged Properties it is to service are situated, if and to the extent required by applicable law to the extent necessary to ensure the enforceability of the related Mortgage Loans or the compliance with its obligations under the Sub-Servicing Agreement and the Master Servicer’s obligations under this Agreement. (c) As part of its servicing activities hereunder, the Master Servicer for the benefit of the Trustee and the Certificateholders, shall (at no expense to the Trustee, the Certificateholders or the Trust Fund) monitor the performance and enforce the obligations of each Sub-Servicer under the related Sub-Servicing Agreement, except that the Master Servicer shall be required only to use reasonable efforts to cause any Initial Sub-Servicer to comply with the requirements of Article XI hereof. Such enforcement, including, without limitation, the legal prosecution of claims, termination of Sub-Servicing Agreements in accordance with their respective terms and the pursuit of other appropriate remedies, shall be in such form and carried out to such an extent and at such time as is in accordance with the Servicing Standard. The Master Servicer shall have the right to remove a Sub-Servicer retained by it in accordance with the terms of the related Sub-Servicing Agreement. (d) In the event the Trustee or its designee becomes successor master servicer and assumes the rights and obligations of the Master Servicer under any Sub-Servicing Agreement, the Master Servicer, at its expense, shall deliver to the assuming party all documents and records relating to such Sub-Servicing Agreement and the Mortgage Loans and, if applicable, the Companion Loans then being serviced thereunder and an accounting of amounts collected and held on behalf of it thereunder, and otherwise use reasonable efforts to effect the orderly and efficient transfer of the Sub-Servicing Agreement to the assuming party. (e) Notwithstanding the provisions of any Sub-Servicing Agreement and this Section 3.22, except to the extent provided in Article XI with respect to the obligations of any Sub-Servicer that is an Initial Sub-Servicer, the Master Servicer shall remain obligated and responsible to the Trustee, the Special Servicer, holders of the Companion Loans serviced hereunder and the Certificateholders for the performance of its obligations and duties under this Agreement in accordance with the provisions hereof to the same extent and under the same terms and conditions as if it alone were servicing and administering the Mortgage Loans for which it is responsible, and the Master Servicer shall pay the fees of any Sub-Servicer thereunder as and when due from its own funds. In no event shall the Trust Fund bear any termination fee required to be paid to any Sub-Servicer as a result of such Sub-Servicer’s termination under any Sub-Servicing Agreement. (f) The Trustee, upon the request of the Master Servicer, shall furnish to any Sub-Servicer any documents necessary or appropriate to enable such Sub-Servicer to carry out its servicing and administrative duties under any Sub-Servicing Agreement. (g) Each Sub-Servicing Agreement shall provide that, in the event the Trustee or any other Person becomes successor master servicer, the Trustee or such successor master servicer shall have the right to terminate such Sub-Servicing Agreement with or without cause and without a fee. Notwithstanding the foregoing or any other contrary provision in this Agreement, the Trustee and any successor master servicer shall assume each Initial Sub-Servicing Agreement and (i) the Initial Sub-Servicer’s rights and obligations under the Initial Sub-Servicing Agreement shall expressly survive a termination of the Master Servicer’s servicing rights under this Agreement; provided that the Initial Sub-Servicing Agreement has not been terminated in accordance with its provisions; (ii) any successor master servicer, including, without limitation, the Trustee (if it assumes the servicing obligations of the Master Servicer) shall be deemed to automatically assume and agree to the then-current Initial Sub-Servicing Agreement without further action upon becoming the successor master servicer and (iii) this Agreement may not be modified in any manner which would increase the obligations or limit the rights of the Initial Sub-Servicer hereunder and/or under the Initial Sub-Servicing Agreement, without the prior written consent of the Initial Sub-Servicer (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld). (h) With respect to Mortgage Loans subject to a Sub-Servicing Agreement with the Master Servicer, the Special Servicer shall, upon request (such request to be made reasonably in advance as appropriate to the circumstances surrounding such request) of the related Sub-Servicer, reasonably cooperate in delivering reports and information, including remittance information, and affording access to information to the related Sub-Servicer that would be required to be delivered or afforded, as the case may be, to the Master Servicer pursuant to the terms hereof. (i) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Special Servicer shall not enter into any Sub-Servicing Agreement which provides for the performance by third parties of any or all of its obligations herein, without, prior to the occurrence and continuance of any Control Event, the consent of the Directing Certificateholder, except to the extent necessary for the Special Servicer to comply with applicable regulatory requirements. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, no Sub-Servicer shall be permitted under any Sub-Servicing Agreement to make material servicing decisions, such as loan modifications or determinations as to the manner or timing of enforcing remedies under the Mortgage Loan documents, without the consent of the Master Servicer or Special Servicer, as applicable.
Servicers to Service Mortgage Loans For and on behalf of the Certificateholders, the NMC Servicer shall service and administer the NMC Mortgage Loans, the BAFSB Servicer shall service and administer the BAFSB Mortgage Loans and the BANA Servicer shall service and administer the BAFSB Mortgage Loans, all in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, Customary Servicing Procedures, applicable law and the terms of the Mortgage Notes and Mortgages. In connection with such servicing and administration, each Servicer shall have full power and authority, acting alone and/or through Subservicers as provided in Section 3.02, to do or cause to be done any and all things that it may deem necessary or desirable in connection with such servicing and administration including, but not limited to, the power and authority, subject to the terms hereof, (a) to execute and deliver, on behalf of the Certificateholders and the Trustee, customary consents or waivers and other instruments and documents, (b) to consent, with respect to the Mortgage Loans it services, to transfers of any Mortgaged Property and assumptions of the Mortgage Notes and related Mortgages (but only in the manner provided in this Agreement), (c) to collect any Insurance Proceeds and other Liquidation Proceeds relating to the Mortgage Loans it services, and (d) to effectuate foreclosure or other conversion of the ownership of the Mortgaged Property securing any Mortgage Loan it services. Each Servicer shall represent and protect the interests of the Trust in the same manner as it protects its own interests in mortgage loans in its own portfolio in any claim, proceeding or litigation regarding a Mortgage Loan and shall not make or permit any modification, waiver or amendment of any term of any Mortgage Loan, except as provided pursuant to Section 3.21. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Servicer, in its own name or in the name of any Subservicer or the Depositor and the Trustee, is hereby authorized and empowered by the Depositor and the Trustee, when such Servicer or any Subservicer, as the case may be, believes it appropriate in its reasonable judgment, to execute and deliver, on behalf of the Trustee, the Depositor, the Certificateholders or any of them, any and all instruments of satisfaction or cancellation, or of partial or full release or discharge, and all other comparable instruments, with respect to the Mortgage Loans it services, and with respect to the related Mortgaged Properties held for the benefit of the Certificateholders. Each Servicer shall prepare and deliver to the Depositor and/or the Trustee such documents requiring execution and delivery by either or both of them as are necessary or appropriate to enable such Servicer to service and administer the Mortgage Loans it services to the extent that such Servicer is not permitted to execute and deliver such documents pursuant to the preceding sentence. Upon receipt of such documents, the Depositor and/or the Trustee, upon the direction of the related Servicer, shall promptly execute such documents and deliver them to the related Servicer. In accordance with the standards of the preceding paragraph, each Servicer shall advance or cause to be advanced funds as necessary for the purpose of effecting the payment of taxes and assessments on the Mortgaged Properties relating to the Mortgage Loans it services, which Servicing Advances shall be reimbursable in the first instance from related collections from the Mortgagors pursuant to Section 3.09, and further as provided in Section 3.11. The costs incurred by the Servicers, if any, in effecting the timely payments of taxes and assessments on the Mortgaged Properties and related insurance premiums shall not, for the purpose of calculating monthly distributions to the Certificateholders, be added to the Stated Principal Balances of the related Mortgage Loans, notwithstanding that the terms of such Mortgage Loans so permit. The relationship of each Servicer (and of any successor to any Servicer as servicer under this Agreement) to the Trustee under this Agreement is intended by the parties to be that of an independent contractor and not that of a joint venturer, partner or agent.
Trunk Servicing Orders between the Parties to establish, add, change or disconnect trunks shall be processed by use of an ASR, or another industry standard eventually adopted to replace the ASR for trunk ordering.
Servicing The servicing and collection practices used by the Mortgage Loan Seller with respect to the Mortgage Loan have been, in all respects legal and have met with customary industry standards for servicing of commercial loans for conduit loan programs.
Servicing Rights Except as provided in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, any permitted subservicing agreements and servicing rights purchase agreements pertaining thereto, no Person has been granted or conveyed the right to service any Mortgage Loan or receive any consideration in connection therewith which will remain in effect after the Closing Date.
General Servicing Procedures Section 6.01
Servicing Standard The Servicer has complied in all material respects with the Servicing Standard with regard to the servicing of the Loan Assets.
Loan Servicing The servicing practices used with respect to each Mortgage Loan have been in all material respects legal, proper, and prudent.