Structural MRI Studies Sample Clauses

Structural MRI Studies. In a structural volumetric analysis (T2-w MRI, 4.7 T) of several brain structures in 14-week-old epileptic GAERS (n = 11) and NEC rats, all GAERS rats were reported to display SWDs.49 It was found that the somatosensory cortex was thicker in GAERS than in NEC rats. Furthermore, the analysis of ROIs showed larger brain structures bilaterally, including the amyg- dalae, cortices, and cerebral ventricles in GAERS rela- tive to NEC animals. The differences were not generalized, as no differences were observed in other regions, such as the striatum. On the other hand, GAERS rats showed also a hippocampal volume loss, undetectable with classical analyses, but observed with high-dimensional mapping, a postacquisition analysis technique that is sensitive to subtle changes in shape of the structure. The enlarged cortical width and volume could be explained by aberrant neuronal branching and arborization in this area, such as that described in the WAG/Rij model.50 Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a method based on the detection of water diffusion in biological tis- sues, allows characterization of long-range white matter networks and their modifications with neuro- pathology and treatment.51 WAG/Rij rats at two dif- ferent developmental stages (1.7 and 8 months) were studied before and after the onset of epilepsy to iden- tify DTI changes related to epileptogenesis, compared to age-matched nonepileptic (control) Wistar rats.52 The results were compared with 4.2-month GAERS and NEC rats to determine the specificity of these changes. Adult WAG/Rij exhibited a localized decrease in FA (fractional anisotropy, a measure of structural integrity of white matter) in the anterior part of the corpus callosum, compared to controls. The decreased FA in the anterior corpus callosum was not seen in young WAG/Rij rats before the onset of SWDs. Also GAERS exhibited a marked decrease in FA in the anterior corpus callosum vs. age-matched NEC. This decrease was more extensive than in WAG/ Rij rats. Symptomatic WAG/Rij and GAERS also have an increased perpendicular diffusivity (λ┴) in the anterior corpus callosum, which could be the cause of the reduced FA observed in the epileptic animals. Tractography was used to identify the white matter pathways of the anterior corpus callosum; it showed that the fibers interconnect the facial region of the somatosensory cortex between the two hemispheres. All this suggests that SWDs lead to microstructural changes in white matter pathways interconn...
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Structural MRI Studies. Atypical neural responses and functional connectivity in youths with CD are likely underpinned by differences in brain structure or structural connectivity. Indeed, two recent meta-analyses of voxel-based morphometry structural MRI studies of youths with CD, ODD or con- duct problems153,173 and one of youths with aggressive behaviour174 have shown consistent reductions in grey matter volume across cortical (such as ventrolateral, PRIMER

Related to Structural MRI Studies

  • Studies The clinical, pre-clinical and other studies and tests conducted by or on behalf of or sponsored by the Company or its subsidiaries that are described or referred to in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus were and, if still pending, are being conducted in accordance in all material respects with all statutes, laws, rules and regulations, as applicable (including, without limitation, those administered by the FDA or by any foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA). The descriptions of the results of such studies and tests that are described or referred to in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus are accurate and complete in all material respects and fairly present the published data derived from such studies and tests, and each of the Company and its subsidiaries has no knowledge of other studies or tests the results of which are materially inconsistent with or otherwise call into question the results described or referred to in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor its subsidiaries has received any notices or other correspondence from the FDA or any other foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA with respect to any ongoing clinical or pre-clinical studies or tests requiring the termination or suspension of such studies or tests. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company makes no representation or warranty that the results of any studies, tests or preclinical or clinical trials conducted by or on behalf of the Company will be sufficient to obtain governmental approval from the FDA or any foreign, state or local governmental body exercising comparable authority.

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