Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Sample Clauses

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. The low volatility of ILs that on one hand makes them “green” creates challenges for product separation and recovery. For volatile products, a back- distillation may be used to recover the product from ILs. In the case of a hydrophilic product in a hydrophobic IL, water may be used to remove the product from the ILs (Xxxxxxxxxx amd Xxxxxx, 1998), but the biggest problem is to recover poorly volatile or thermally labile products from ILs. Experiments using another type of “green” solvent, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), for product recovery from ILs solution have been reported. The volatile scCO2 is insoluble in the non-volatile and polar ILs and they form two-phase systems. The principle of product recovery with these biphasic systems is based on the solubility of the compounds in CO2. During the process, high volatility and low polarity will favor the solubility of a solute in CO2. Naphthalene was extracted from [Bmim][PF6] using scCO2with recoveries of up to 94-96%, a near-quantitative recovery without detectable [Bmim][PF6] in the extract (Xxxxxxxxx et al., 1999). A variety of aromatic and aliphatic compounds were also quantitatively recovered from this IL with scCO2without any IL contamination in the recovered product (Xxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxxx, 2001). In contrast, a mixture of CO2 with conventional organic solvents results in a significant amount of the solvent in the CO2-rich phase, due to their solubility. Diverse compounds such as N-acetyl-(S)-phenylalanine methyl ester and epoxides of olefins were extracted from ILs with scCO2 by optimizing pressure, temperature and the type of IL, especially from enzyme-catalyzed reactions (Bortolini et al., 2003; Xxxxx et al., 2006). For example, 2-methylbutanoic acid that results from the asymmetric hydrogenation of tiglic acid in [Bmim][PF6] was extracted with scCO2. Moreover, the solution of the catalyst in [Bmim][PF6] could be recycled without significant losses of both enantioselectivity and conversion (Xxxxx et al., 2001). The removal of a product from ILs by extraction with CO2, however, only works for products that have a sufficiently high solubility in CO2. For compounds that are insoluble in CO2, crystallization from ILs with CO2 as an anti-solvent has been explored. The addition of CO2 lowers the solubility of the product in the ILs, thereby creating supersaturation (Kroon et al., 2006). With this method, removal of even solid, inorganic salts from [Hmim][Tf2N] was achieved with CO2 at 25 oC (Sau...
AutoNDA by SimpleDocs

Related to Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

  • Interconnection Points 8.5.1 The IP of a Party (“Receiving Party”) for Measured Internet Traffic delivered to the Receiving Party by the other Party shall be the same as the IP of the Receiving Party for Reciprocal Compensation Traffic under Section 7.1 above.

  • Interconnection Point The Service Provider is responsible for connecting to the LFC Network at the Interconnection Point. The LFC may only change an Interconnection Point if a change is necessary to protect the security or integrity of that Interconnection Point in order to maintain the continuity of supply of the Wholesale Services. In the event of any such change:

  • Interconnection Facilities Engineering Procurement and Construction Interconnection Facilities, Network Upgrades, and Distribution Upgrades shall be studied, designed, and constructed pursuant to Good Utility Practice. Such studies, design and construction shall be based on the assumed accuracy and completeness of all technical information received by the Participating TO and the CAISO from the Interconnection Customer associated with interconnecting the Large Generating Facility.

  • Plant The expression ‘Plant’ as used in the tender papers shall mean every temporary accessory necessary or considered necessary by the Engineer to execute, construct, complete and maintain the work and all altered, modified, substituted and additional works ordered in the time and the manner herein provided and all temporary materials and special and other articles and appliance of every sort kind and description whatsoever intended or used therefore.

  • Generating Facility The Interconnection Customer’s device for the production of electricity identified in the Interconnection Request, but shall not include the Interconnection Customer’s Interconnection Facilities.

  • Interconnection Customer’s Interconnection Facilities Construction The Interconnection Customer’s Interconnection Facilities shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Good Utility Practice. Within one hundred twenty (120) Calendar Days after the Commercial Operation Date, unless the Participating TO and Interconnection Customer agree on another mutually acceptable deadline, the Interconnection Customer shall deliver to the Participating TO and CAISO “as-built” drawings, information and documents for the Interconnection Customer’s Interconnection Facilities and the Electric Generating Unit(s), such as: a one-line diagram, a site plan showing the Large Generating Facility and the Interconnection Customer’s Interconnection Facilities, plan and elevation drawings showing the layout of the Interconnection Customer’s Interconnection Facilities, a relay functional diagram, relaying AC and DC schematic wiring diagrams and relay settings for all facilities associated with the Interconnection Customer's step-up transformers, the facilities connecting the Large Generating Facility to the step-up transformers and the Interconnection Customer’s Interconnection Facilities, and the impedances (determined by factory tests) for the associated step-up transformers and the Electric Generating Units. The Interconnection Customer shall provide the Participating TO and the CAISO specifications for the excitation system, automatic voltage regulator, Large Generating Facility control and protection settings, transformer tap settings, and communications, if applicable. Any deviations from the relay settings, machine specifications, and other specifications originally submitted by the Interconnection Customer shall be assessed by the Participating TO and the CAISO pursuant to the appropriate provisions of this LGIA and the LGIP.

  • Infrastructure Vulnerability Scanning Supplier will scan its internal environments (e.g., servers, network devices, etc.) related to Deliverables monthly and external environments related to Deliverables weekly. Supplier will have a defined process to address any findings but will ensure that any high-risk vulnerabilities are addressed within 30 days.

  • Interconnection Customer’s Interconnection Facilities The Interconnection Customer shall design, procure, construct, install, own and/or control the Interconnection Customer’s Interconnection Facilities described in Appendix A at its sole expense.

  • Interconnection Facilities 4.1.1 The Interconnection Customer shall pay for the cost of the Interconnection Facilities itemized in Attachment 2 of this Agreement. The NYISO, in consultation with the Connecting Transmission Owner, shall provide a best estimate cost, including overheads, for the purchase and construction of its Interconnection Facilities and provide a detailed itemization of such costs. Costs associated with Interconnection Facilities may be shared with other entities that may benefit from such facilities by agreement of the Interconnection Customer, such other entities, the NYISO, and the Connecting Transmission Owner.

  • Required Coverages For Generation Resources Of 20 Megawatts Or Less Each Constructing Entity shall maintain the types of insurance as described in section 11.1 paragraphs (a) through (e) above in an amount sufficient to insure against all reasonably foreseeable direct liabilities given the size and nature of the generating equipment being interconnected, the interconnection itself, and the characteristics of the system to which the interconnection is made. Additional insurance may be required by the Interconnection Customer, as a function of owning and operating a Generating Facility. All insurance shall be procured from insurance companies rated “A-,” VII or better by AM Best and authorized to do business in a state or states in which the Interconnection Facilities are located. Failure to maintain required insurance shall be a Breach of the Interconnection Construction Service Agreement.

Draft better contracts in just 5 minutes Get the weekly Law Insider newsletter packed with expert videos, webinars, ebooks, and more!