Supranational Level Sample Clauses

Supranational Level. Clusters of Cultures According to Xxxxx et al. [13], three major forces have been used historically to cluster countries, these being (1) geographic Figure 1. Ten clusters of cultures, figure based upon [13]. Legend: Anglo, Latin Europe, Nordic Europe, Germanic Europe, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, Southern Asia, Confucian Asia proximity, (2) mass migration & ethic social capital, and (3) religious and linguistic communality. Societal clustering is a part of the GLOBE project. One of the goals of the authors was to understand similarities and differences among the countries studied within the GLOBE project [20]. As part of this project, 61 nations were clustered into 10 clusters of cultures (see Figure 1, and Appendix I ) [13]. Examples include the Nordic European cluster containing Finland, Sweden and Denmark, and the Germanic European cluster with Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Germany. Appendix I provides the countries contained within each of the ten regional clusters. The remainder of this section will discuss the methodology by which the measures underlying this clustering were developed in more detail. Among the measures were nine dimensions of culture. These dimensions (performance orientation, assertiveness, future orientation, humane orientation, institutional collectivism, in- group collectivism, gender egalitarianism, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance) are the primary measures of interest for us. For each of these scales, questions assessed participants’ idea regarding both the practices (as is) as well as the values (should be) in organizations and society. As high wind blows on high hills, there are limitations with the GLOBE project as with any other research paper. Xxxxxxxx [17] provides an overview of similarities and differences between the GLOBE study and his own work [16]. One of his major concerns is that the questionnaire items might not have captured what the researchers had in mind, and, that the complete GLOBE questionnaire has not been published. Xxxxxxxx is well-known for his work on national value differences while employed by IBM. Five dimensions of national culture were identified based upon results from a survey completed by 117.000 IBM employees. Both GLOBE and Xxxxxxxx’s IBM studies make sense of culture within an industrial setting. On the other hand, the GLOBE involved managers, whereas the IBM study involved seven categories of employees, of which two were managerial c...